Study On Risk Factors Of Retinopathy Of Prematurity

Objective:A single-center retrospective study on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)and its risk factors were conducted,to provide clinical guidance for the prevention and treatment of ROP.Methods:A total of 240 premature infants who were received inpatient monitoring and fundus screening in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)of Shandong Province Linyi People’s Hospital from January 2017 to January 2021 were selected as the research subjects.Gestational age,birth weight,neonatal disease,1min Apgar score math,mode of delivery,pregnancy complications,breastfeeding,hospitalization and treatment,according to the screening results through the incidence of ROP,entered into SPSS25.0 statistical software for analysis,and to control quality.Univariate and multivariate Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for of the ROP occurrence.Results:1.A total of 62 cases of ROP were screened out of 240 premature infants,incidence rate was 25.83%.46 cases from 2017 to 2019,incidence rate was 31.94%.16 cases from2019 to 2021,incidence rate was 16.67%.The incidence in 2021 was significantly lower than that in 2017-2019(P<0.05).The breastfeeding rate from 2019 to 2021 was higher than that from 2017 to 2019(P<0.05),while the oxygen uptake rate was lower than that from 2017 to 2019(P<0.05).The average gestational age for ROP was(29.12 ± 2.18)weeks,and the average weight of newborns with ROP was(1263.48 ± 251.39)g.2.Univariate analysis showed that,there were significant differences in the gestational age,birth weight,number of fetuses,oxygen therapy time,oxygen therapy,neonatal disease,pregnancy complications,smoking during pregnancy,maternal trace elements,amniotic fluid and meconium pollution,premature rupture of amniotic membrane,1min Apgar score,PS usage,neonatal blood transfusion,IVF,and breastfeeding between the ROP group and the non-ROP group(P<0.05).Logistic multivariate regression analysis found that maternal anemia during pregnancy(OR=5.244),gestational age(OR=3.971),birth weight(OR=13.289),neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(OR=6.992),oxygen therapy time(OR=15.248),oxygen therapy method(OR=5.163)were the causes of ROP independent risk factors(P<0.05),and breastfeeding(OR=0.596)was a protective factor for the occurrence of ROP(P<0.05).3.Univariate analysis showed that,there were significant differences in birth weight,number of fetuses,oxygen therapy time,oxygen therapy,neonatal disease,pregnancy complications,smoking during pregnancy,maternal trace elements,amniotic fluid and meconium pollution,premature rupture of amniotic membrane,1min Apgar score,PS usage,neonatal blood transfusion,IVF,and breastfeeding between<28 weeks,28-32 weeks,and>32 weeks(P<0.05).Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that maternal anemia during pregnancy(OR=5.224),birth weight(OR=5.241),neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(OR=1.952),oxygen therapy time(OR=8.842),oxygen therapy method(OR=4.552)were independent risk factors for ROP at different gestational ages(P<0.05),while breastfeeding(OR=0.632)was a protective factor for ROP at different gestational ages(P<0.05).Conclusion:1.The incidence of ROP in premature infants in Shandong Province Linyi People’s Hospital is relatively high,up to 25.83%.2.There are many independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of ROP,including maternal anemia during pregnancy,gestational age,birth weight,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,oxygen therapy time,and oxygen therapy method,and clinical practice should be strengthened according to the actual situation of premature infants intervention.3.Breastfeeding is a protective factor for the occurrence of ROP,and early breastfeeding should be advocated for premature infants.