Professor Zhao Jisheng’s Experience In Treating Chronic Glomerulonephritis Based On Data Mining And Qualitative Interview

Objective:To summarize Professor Zhao Jisheng’s experience and academic thought in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN)by data mining and qualitative interview.Methods:This study collected the prescriptions of Professor Zhao Jisheng for the treatment of CGN from October 1,2020 to October 31,2022,and selected them into the database according to the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria.Standardize the age,gender,prescription and other information in the database,and analyze the meridian tropism,efficacy and high-frequency use of drugs.SPSS Statistics 25.0,SPSS Modeler 18.0,and Cytascape 3.8.0 software were used to analyze drug association rules,cluster analysis,and construct drug link visualization diagrams,and then the data mining results were submitted to Professor Zhao Jisheng for review.In combination with qualitative interview,Professor Zhao Jisheng was interviewed about the etiology and pathogenesis of CGN,clinical prescription ideas,and medication experience.According to the interview content,further verified and improved the data mining research results.Results:1.A total of 177 patients with CGN were included in this study,including 77 males and 100 females.The average age of onset was 42 years old,mainly between 30 and 49 years old,with 89 people,accounting for 50.2%.2.After screening,356 prescriptions were obtained,including 143 traditional Chinese medicines(TCM).Among them,the top 10 drugs used in order of frequency were: astragalus,cornus officinalis,hedyotis diffusa,coix seed,ligusticum chuanxiong,pangolin,epimedium,caulis sinomenii,Euonymus alatus,rehmannia glutinosa;The four Qi of drugs are mainly cold,warm and flat;The five tastes of drugs are sweet,bitter,spicy,light,salty,sour and astringent according to the frequency;The first six meridians were liver,lung,kidney,spleen,heart and stomach;High-frequency drugs have the effects of clearing heattonifying deficiency,activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis;The efficacy of high-frequency drugs was classified as tonic drugs,rheumatic drugs,heat-clearing drugs,diuresis and dampness drugs,astringent drugs,blood circulation and blood stasis drugs.3.After analyzing association rules,10 second-order association rules and 15 third-order association rules are obtained.The top three of second-order association rules were:astragalus-cornus officinalis,cornus officinalis-hedyotis diffusa,astragalus-hedyotis diffusa;The top three of the third-level association rules were: astragalus-hedyotis diffusa-cornus officinalis,hedyotis diffusa-coix seed-astragalus,cornus officinalis-coix seed-astragalus.Use Cytascape to construct a drug network link visualization diagram for drugs with a frequency of ≥ 32 times.The drug combinations with strong links include astragalus-hedyotis diffusa,coix seed-Cornus officinalis,astragalus-coix seed,etc.4.The 42 high-frequency TCM with a frequency of more than 5% were analyzed by systematic clustering method to obtain 5 groups.(1)Bupleurum chinense,Paeonia Lactiflora,psoralea corylifolia,Tianshan Snow Lotus,Atractylodes macrocephala,Fangji,tangerine peel,Amomum villosum,Codonopsis pilosula,Poria cocos;(2)Bixie,plantain seed,forsythia suspensa,cassia twig,Caryophyllum roseum,dandelion;(3)Rehmannia glutinosa,Agrimonia Pilosa,Agrimonia pilosa,cattail pollen,field thistle,Honeysuckle vine,Erigeron breviscapus;(4)longspur epimedium,lycopodium clavatum,ligusticum chuanxiong,rhodiola root,Rhizoma Dioscoreae Nipponicae,caulis sinomenii,Euonymus alatus,Hedyotis diffusa,Coix seed,Cornus officinalis,Morinda officinalis;(5)Poria cocos,rheum officinale,Chinese holly leaf,Liriope graminifolia,radix scrophulariae,Radix Cynanchi Paniculati.At the same time,through qualitative interview and analysis,we can get Professor Zhao Jisheng’s academic thoughts on the treatment of CGN,that is,from the theory of rheumatism,the theory of blood stasis and the theory of regulating the liver to treat chronic glomerulon ephritis,and its syndrome differentiation and clinical commonly used drugs.5.Through qualitative interviews,Professor Zhao Jisheng explained that the etiology and pathogenesis of CGN were "rheumatism invasion,deficiency of spleen and kidney,and internal stasis of blood",and put forward the academic idea of treating the disease from rheumatism and blood stasis,and the treatment was based on eliminating wind and dampness,strengthening spleen and kidney,and activating blood and removing stasis.Based on the results of data mining,the basic formula for treating chronic glomerulonephritis was obtained:astragalus,Cornus officinalis,hedyotis diffusa,coix seed,ligusticum chuanxiong,Rhizoma Dioscoreae Nipponicae,Epimedium,caulis sinomenii,and Euonymus alatus.Professor Zhao Jisheng’s medication is simple,and the compatibility is ingenious.He pays attention to the compatibility characteristics of the drugs that must be matched with each other.Conclusion:1.Professor Zhao Jisheng has unique views on the etiology and pa thogenesis of chronic glomerulonephritis.He believes that rheumatism is an important cause of the disease,spleen and kidney deficiency is the pathological basis,and blood stasis is an important factor in the development of the disease.The main treatment for this disease is to dispel wind and remove dampness,strengthen spleen and kidney,and promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis.Professor Zhao Jisheng treated with syndrome differentiation,simplified the formula and added or subtracted according to the syndrome.In clinical practice,the drug is used peacefully,taking care of the vital energy,and the compatibility is ingenious.2.The research method of data mining combined with qualitative interview has certain advantages in summarizing the experience of famo us and old Chinese medicine,and can more comprehensively elaborate Professor Zhao Jisheng’s academic thought of differentiation and treatment of CGN.