Objective:The objective of this study is to analyze the treatment approach of Professor He Zhizhi in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)through data mining.The study aims to identify the frequency,flavor,menstruation,and efficacy of drugs used by Professor He Zhizhi in order to uncover patterns in his high-frequency drug use and drug composition.By analyzing the core prescriptions obtained through data mining using network pharmacology,the study aims to speculate on the possible mechanisms of Professor He Zhizhi’s treatment of T2 DM.The findings of this study will provide theoretical reference value for future research and offer insights for clinical application.Methods:The proposed method involves the collection of medical records of patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM)who received treatment at the outpatient clinic of Professor He Zhizhi,affiliated with the Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The data to be collected will include the patient’s name,sex,age,diagnosis,and prescription of traditional Chinese medicine.The collected medical records will be sorted and standardized using Excel 2013 software;The data collected will be processed and analyzed using Excel 2013 software.The patient’s sex,age,frequency of prescription drugs,and efficacy categories will be subjected to scrutiny.The correlation regulations of drugs will be analyzed using SPSS software to identify the frequently prescribed drug pairings employed by Professor He Zhizhi in the treatment of T2 DM.A cluster analysis will be conducted on high-frequency drugs to identify the core prescription used by Professor He Zhizhi in treating T2DM;Using network pharmacology,the specific action mechanism of Professor He Zhizhi’s core prescription for T2 DM treatment will be forecasted.The Gene Cards and Drug Bank databases will be searched for T2DM-related targets,while the TCMSP database will be used to obtain the effective chemical components and action targets of the core prescription.The jvenny visualization tool will be used to obtain the intersection target of the disease and drug.To visually represent the effective components of the core prescription in T2 DM treatment,the Cytoscape 3.8.2software will be used to construct the "chemical composition-intersection target network diagram." The protein interaction network map will be constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software to screen for possible targets of Professor He Zhizhi’s core prescription for T2 DM treatment.The core target genes will be analyzed using GO analysis and KEGG analysis by the Metascape database,and the pathway of Professor He Zhizhi’s core prescription for T2 DM treatment will be predicted.Results:In this investigation,a total of 366 individuals were examined to determine the age and sex distribution of those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.The findings indicate that the majority of patients experienced onset of the disease between the ages of 40 and 69,comprising73.8% of the sample.Notably,the largest subset of participants fell within the 50-59 age range,with 104 cases identified out of the 366 total.Furthermore,there were 211 males and 155 females included in the study;The study analyzed 237 traditional Chinese medicines used in the initial prescription,with a total of 4307 instances of drug use.The top 10 most frequently used drugs were yam,astragalus,mulberry leaves,Radix Rehmanniae,Pueraria,Pulsatilla,Atractylodes,Coix seed,Poria,Salvia miltiorrhiza,and Radix Scutellariae.The most commonly used drugs for tonifying purposes were astragalus and yam,followed by antipyretic drugs like Radix scrophulariae,Radix Scutellariae,and Pulsatilla.The third category was surface-relieving drugs,mainly divergent wind-heat drugs like mulberry leaves,kudzu root,and burdock,as well as drugs like Coix seed and Poria cocos for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,such as Salvia miltiorrhiza and Ligusticum chuanxiong.Cold drugs were used most frequently,followed by warm drugs.Among the five flavors,sweet medicine was the most commonly used,followed by bitter medicine and pungent medicine.The top five meridians used for drug application were the lung,spleen,liver,kidney,and stomach meridians.Professor He Zhizhi commonly used combinations like Radix Astragali-yam,Rhizoma Atractylodes-Radix scrophulariae,Radix Atractylodis-Pulsatilla,Pueraria-Ligusticum chuanxiong,and others for the treatment of T2 DM.Combinations like mulberry leaf-yam-astragalus,Cortex moutan-yam-pulsatilla,kudzu root-yam-astragalus,and others were also frequently used by Professor He Zhizhi in the treatment of T2 DM,according to the results of the association rules;The outcome of the cluster analysis,in conjunction with the expertise of Professor He Zhizhi,has identified seven groups of essential drug combinations for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM).The first group,C1,comprises of yam,astragalus,Atractylodes,Radix scrophulariae,Radix Puerariae,Fructus Arctii,Ligusticum chuanxiong,and Salvia miltiorrhiza.The second group,C2,consists of gynostemma pentaphyllum and Hawthorn.The third group,C3,includes bark of ground bone,pulsatilla,mulberry parasite,mulberry bark,mulberry leaves,and mulberry.The fourth group,C4,comprises of Chinese wolfberry.The fifth group,C5,consists of Poria cocos,alisma,Schisandra chinensis,Ophiopogon,Radix Pseudostellariae,Cornus officinalis,Radix Rehmanniae,and Cortex moutan.The sixth group,C6,includes licorice and white peony.The seventh group,C7,comprises of Atractylodes macrocephala,tangerine peel,Codonopsis pilosula,Coix seed,Pinellia ternata,and Euryale seed.Notably,C1 is the fundamental prescription among the seven groups.Conclusion: Professor He Zhizhi employs a range of high-frequency drugs,including yam,Radix Astragali,Mulberry leaves,Cortex Rehmanniae,Pueraria,Pulsatilla,Atractylodes,Coix seed,Poria,Salvia miltiorrhiza,and Radix Scutellariae,in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM);She often administers drugs that tonify deficiency,disperse wind-heat,and clear heat,as well as those that promote diuresis,permeate dampness,invigorate the spleen,activate blood circulation,and remove blood stasis;In treating T2 DM,Professor He commonly uses drug combinations such as Radix Astragali-Yam,Atractylodes-Radix scrophulariae,Radix Rehmanniae-Pulsatilla,and Pueraria-Ligusticum chuanxiong.The core prescription for treating T2 DM,as prescribed by Professor He Zhizhi,comprises eight medicines: Chinese yam,Radix Astragali,Rhizoma Atractylodis,Radix scrophulariae,Radix Puerariae,Fructus Arctii,Ligusticum chuanxiong,and Salvia miltiorrhiza;According to the outcomes of network pharmacological analysis,it is anticipated that the fundamental prescription primarily exerts its influence on AKT1,TNF,TP53,IL6,and other genes through various potentially active components such as kaempferol,quercetin,luteolin,isorhamnetin,wogonin,and the like.It has been disclosed that the core prescription may modulate the inflammatory response and enhance insulin resistance to accomplish the objective of treating T2 DM. |