Study On Infectious Disease Prevention Literacy And Health Education Needs Of Residents In Dali

Objective:To investigate the current situation of infectious disease prevention literacy and health education needs of residents in Dali area,and to explore the influencing factors and the correlation between them,and found out the breakthrough point of improving the infectious disease prevention literacy of residents,so as to provide a new perspective of infectious disease health education for grassroots community nursing staff.Methods:From April to October 2022,a total of 963 residents aged 15-69 years old(referring to the age of the Health Literacy Survey of Chinese residents)in Dali area of Yunnan Province were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling method.The infectious disease prevention literacy and health education needs of Dali residents were investigated by means of the General Information Questionnaire,Infectious Disease-Specific Health Literacy Scale and Health education Needs Questionnaire for infectious diseases compiled by Delphi expert consultation.SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data.The measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation,and the counting data were expressed as frequency and component ratio.The univariate analysis of the factors affecting of residents in the infectious disease prevention literacy in Dali was conducted byχ~2test,the multivariate analysis was conducted by binary Logistic regression analysis,the health education needs of infectious disease was analyzed by frequency,component ratio,bar chart and mean±standard deviation,and the correlation between the two was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Results:(1)The Delphi method was used to compile the"Health education Needs Questionnaire for infectious diseases".A total of 15 experts were consulted by letter.The results showed that the judgment coefficient of experts was 0.853,the degree of familiarity was 0.893,and the degree of authority was 0.873.Reliability and validity test of the questionnaire:Cronbach’sαcoefficient of internal consistency test was0.895,partial reliability was 0.916,and content validity was 0.973,indicating that the questionnaire had good reliability and validity.(2)The scores of infectious disease prevention literacy of Dali residents were(19.20±9.54)points,and the passing rate was 55.87%.The correct rate of each question in the assessment of infectious disease prevention literacy was 22.53%-90.65%,and the average correct rate was 56.14%.(3)Univariate analysis showed that:There were statistically significant differences in the passing rate of residents’infectious disease prevention literacy in Dali area in age,family residence,education level,occupation,per capita monthly income of family,average time spent online per day,self-rated health status,self-rated knowledge of infectious diseases,health knowledge publicity in residence,and health knowledge popularization places and facilities in residence(P<0.05)).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that:age(15～24 years old as reference,45～54 years old,OR=0.301,95%CI:0.113～0.806;≥55 years old,OR=0.158,95%CI:0.052～0.481),family residence(rural as reference,town,OR=1.817,95%CI:1.002～3.294),education level(primary school OR below as reference,junior middle school,OR=5.439,95%CI:3.033～9.752;High school/technical secondary school,OR=14.859,95%CI:6.767～32.63;College/bachelor degree OR above,OR=26.362,95%CI:9.309～74.656),average daily online time(non-online as reference,<1h,OR=2.227,95%CI:1.317～3.767;1h～,OR=2.344,95%CI:1.402～3.919;≥2h,OR=2.507,95%CI:1.479～4.247),places and facilities providing health knowledge popularization in residence(no reference,provided,OR=1.758,95%CI:1.005～3.078)had significant impact on the passing rate of infectious disease prevention literacy.(4)The proportion of residents in Dali who need to know about knowledge of common infectious diseases was more than 50%,and the top three points were"which diseases are infectious diseases"(4.16±0.91)points,"prevention of common infectious diseases"(4.15±0.91)points,and"ways of spreading common infectious diseases"(4.07±0.92)points.The top 3 needs for prevention techniques and methods of common infectious diseases were"initial treatment of wounds(bites,stab wounds,etc.)"(3.92±0.95)points,"Treatment after accidental contact with blood of patients with blood-borne infectious diseases"(3.91±0.94)points,and"types of disinfectant and methods of household disinfection"(3.66±1.08)points;The high expectation of access to infectious disease health education is"Internet/new media"(72.07%),"community lectures/free consultation"(68.85%),"nursing demonstration"(53.27%).(5)The total score of infectious disease prevention literacy and the four dimensions were negatively correlated with the total score of health education needs on infectious disease and the two aspects(P<0.05),and the correlation coefficient was0.070～0.286.Conclusion:(1)The level of infectious disease prevention literacy of Dali residents was low,and the main influencing factors were age,family residence,education level,average daily online time and health transmission,among which education level had the greatest influence.(2)Dali residents have high needs for health education on infectious diseases.Infectious disease knowledge and prevention techniques are expected to be acquired through the Internet/new media,community lectures/free clinic consultations,nursing demonstrations,etc.(3)The infectious disease prevention literacy is closely related to the needs of health education of infectious diseases in Dali area.(4)The unbalanced knowledge of infectious diseases among residents,the differences of demographic characteristics among groups and the demand-orientation are the breakthrough points for the improvement of the overall infectious disease prevention literacy of Dali residents.(5)The following approaches can be used to improve the infectious disease prevention literacy of residents in Dali area:Thematic nursing and health education for residents with deep lack of knowledge;Carry out school-community joint nursing and health education for vulnerable people in weak areas;The"Internet+nursing and health education"model should be built based on the needs of residents.