A Survey On The Current Situation Of Osteoporosis And Cognitive Dysfunction In Middle-aged And Elderly People In A Community In Changchun And Analysis Of The Influencing Factors

Objective:To understand the current situation of osteoporosis risk population and cognitive dysfunction among middle-aged and elderly people in a community in Changchun City,analyze the influencing factors of osteoporosis and cognitive dysfunction,and explore whether there may be an association between the two,so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention and intervention of the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction in osteoporosis risk population.Methods:From September 2020 to September 2022,middle-aged and elderly people over 40 years old who volunteered to participate in the survey in a community in Changchun City were collected for investigation.The content includes:general demographic characteristics,general behavior characteristics,physical examination,bone mineral density measurement,and the use of the Simple Intelligent State Examination Scale,Montreal Cognitive Assessment,and Activity of Daily Living Scale to assess the cognitive function of the people at risk of osteoporosis.X~2test,t test,rank sum test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the factors related to osteoporosis and cognitive dysfunction of the study subjects for categorical variables and continuous numerical variables,respectively.The Kendall correlation analysis was performed on the bone mass and cognitive function of the study subjects with P<0.05 as the statistically significant threshold.Results:1.297 questionnaires were collected,of which 279 were valid data,and the effective rate of the questionnaire was 93.94%.According to the WHO recommended diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis,130 of the 279 study participants had normal bone mass(46.6%);100 had reduced bone mass(35.8%);and 49 had osteoporosis(17.6%).The results of the univariate analysis showed that gender,age,height,weight,glycosylated haemoglobin,diastolic blood pressure,presence of hyperlipidaemia,alcohol consumption,and whether height decreased by more than 3cm over 40 years of age were associated with osteoporosis(P<0.05).The results of the logistic multi-factor analysis showed that advanced age and alcohol consumption were risk factors for osteoporosis(P<0.05).2.According to the Mo CA scale discrimination criteria,233 of the study participants had different degrees of cognitive impairment(83.5%),of which 156 had mild cognitive impairment(66.95%)and 77 had moderate cognitive impairment(33.05%).The differences in age,education level,cardiovascular disease,osteoporosis,family history of diabetes,smoking status,sleep status and outdoor exercise were statistically significant between the different groups(P<0.05),and the results of the logistic multi-factor analysis showed that age,education level,cardiovascular disease,sleep status and outdoor exercise were risk factors associated with cognitive impairment(P<0.05)..3.The results of theχ2 test,which grouped the study participants’bone mass and Mo CA scores,showed a significant difference between the groups(P<0.05);further Kendall correlation analysis of the different groups showed(r=0.114,P=0.037)(P<0.05),suggesting that the results of the correlation analysis between the study participants’bone mass and cognitive dysfunction were statistically significant.Conclusion:1.The percentage of osteoporosis in the middle-aged and elderly population in this study was lower than the domestic average,indicating that the middle-aged and elderly population in this region has a better osteoporosis profile,but again,the high percentage of people at high risk of osteoporosis should not be ignored.The osteoporosis status of the middle-aged and elderly population in the community was associated with age and alcohol consumption,and the results showed that the risk of osteoporosis was higher in middle-aged and elderly people who were older and regular alcohol drinkers.2.The prevalence of cognitive impairment is higher than in other domestic studies,and overall the cognitive function of the community-based middle-aged and elderly population is not encouraging.Cognitive impairment may be influenced by age,education,cardiovascular disease,smoking,sleep status and other factors,and preventive interventions should be given according to these factors.3.In this study,only advanced age was a common risk factor for osteoporosis and cognitive dysfunction,but both correlation and univariate analyses in the study suggest that osteoporosis may affect cognitive dysfunction in the middle-aged and elderly population to some extent,so the weak correlation between the two cannot be ignored.Further investigation through sample size expansion and clinical trials is still needed.4.As osteoporosis and cognitive dysfunction are more likely to occur in the middle-aged and elderly population than in the healthy population,emphasis should be placed on screening for bone mineral density and cognitive function in the middle-aged and elderly population,strengthening health education and supplementing with certain interventions to detect and treat osteoporosis and cognitive dysfunction at an early stage,so as to improve the quality of survival of the middle-aged and elderly population.