Based On Data Mining And Network Pharmacology To Investigate The Medication Regularity And Mechanism Of Professor Zhang Nianzhi In The Treatment Of Pulmonary Nodules

1 Research Objectives1.1 Data mining:To apply data mining techniques to summarize Professor Nianzhi Zhang’s academic experience in treating pulmonary nodules and the rules of medication,analyze his diagnostic and therapeutic thinking and principles of formulas,and provide famous Chinese medicine experience and guidance for clinical understanding and treatment of pulmonary nodules.1.2 Network pharmacology:To further investigate the potential mechanism of action of core prescriptions for the treatment of pulmonary nodules by mining the pharmacological rules and principles of prescription grouping of Prof.Nianzhi Zhang in the treatment of pulmonary nodules.2 Methods2.1 Data mining:Patients with pulmonary nodules treated by Prof.Nianzhi Zhang from August 1,2021 to August 31,2022 were collected and data mining was performed using the "Clinical Case Collection System V3.1" and "Clinical Record Data Processing System V3.1".Firstly,we analyzed the patients’ gender,age,tongue and pulse characteristics,evidence distribution,symptoms and comorbidities,and analyzed the frequency of Chinese medicine use,flavor,generalization and efficacy,etc.;secondly,we analyzed the association rules of evidence-drug,symptom-drug and drug-drug based on the Apriori algorithm with corresponding elevation,confidence and support degrees;Thirdly,cluster analysis using SPSS 23.0 software to analyze high-frequency drugs in order to obtain clustered parties.Fourth,we use the complex network analysis software Liquorice system to explore the potential relationship between evidence-drug and symptom-drug,and refine the core prescriptions.2.2 Network pharmacology:The chemical components and potential action targets of Prof.Nianzhi Zhang’s core prescriptions for lung nodules were screened using TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases,and their action relationships were networked through Cytoscape 3.9.0 system.Then,we used Gene Cards and OMIM databases to screen lung nodule targets,and used Venny online mapping tool to screen intersection genes and import them into String database to construct PPI network.Finally,the intersecting genes were enriched and analyzed with the help of DAVID database.3 Results3.1 Data mining3.1.1 Basic information data:182 cases with a total of 803 consultations were included in this study.The age distribution of the patients included in the study ranged from 23 to73 years old,with 85 male cases and 97 female cases,male: female = 1:1.14.3.1.2 Evidence-based excavation results:The main symptoms of patients with pulmonary nodules included cough,chest tightness,chest pain,poor night sleep,and fatigue.The TCM evidence types were mainly liver-depression and qi-stagnation evidence,phlegm-stasis internal knotting evidence,phlegm-heat-contained lung evidence,qi-yin two-deficiency evidence,spleen-deficiency phlegm-dampness evidence,and qi-stagnation and blood-stasis evidence.3.1.3 The results of Chinese medicine excavation:Chinese medicine mainly used tonics,heat-clearing,phlegm-reducing and qi-regulating drugs,and also blood-activating drugs,among which the frequency of using deficiency tonics,heat-clearing drugs,phlegm-reducing drugs and qi-regulating drugs ranked higher.Among the four gases,the top five are cold,slightly cold,flat,warm and slightly warm,and among the five tastes,the top five are sweet,bitter,pungent,salty and light.The top three frequently used herbal medicines are lung meridian,spleen meridian and liver meridian.The commonly used drug combinations are: Semen nobilis,Phyllanthus alba,Semen coix seeds,Semen zhebei,Bitter almonds,Pericarpium citriodora,Semen ginger,Lily,Loquat leaf,Radix et Rhizoma ginseng,Rhizoma luteum,Atractylodes macrocephala,Poria,Radix et Rhizoma ciliata,Citrus aurantium,Radix oryzaeum,Radix scutellariae,Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Radix bupleurum,Fritillariae,Malvae,Schisandrae,Radix et Rhizoma genus.One core prescription was extracted: Semen nigra,Phyllanthus alba,Turtle shell,Coix seed,Zhaibei mother,Bitter almond,Lily,Loquat leaf,Radix Codonopsis pilosula,Atractylodes macrocephala,Poria cocos,Radix et Rhizoma Chaihu,Citrus aurantium,Pericarpium chenopodium,Radix et Rhizoma roqueforti.3.2 Network pharmacologyThe core prescription exerts its therapeutic effects through multiple chemical components,affecting multiple gene targets and multiple signaling pathways.The main chemical components that act include: β-sitosterol,isorhamnetin,quercetin,etc.;the main gene targets of the core drug acting on lung nodules include: ESR1,CCNA2,AR,GSK3 B,etc.;the most important signaling pathway of the core prescription affecting lung nodules is the cancer pathway.4 Conclusion4.1 The data mining method was used to organize and summarize the medication rules and academic experience of Professor Nianzhi Zhang in the treatment of pulmonary nodules using Chinese medicine,which provides ideas and reference basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.4.2 The analysis of the chemical composition,targets and pathways of the core prescriptions through network pharmacology has laid the foundation for the elucidation of their mechanism of action.