Research On Academic Thought And Clinical Experience Of Xin’an Medical Family Epidemic Disease In The Ming And Qing Dynasties

ObjectiveSort out the background and epidemic situation of epidemics in Xin’an area during the Ming and Qing dynasties,and systematically analyze and summarize the academic ideas and clinical experience related to Xin’an epidemics during that period.At the same time,explore the compatibility and prescription characteristics of Xin’an physicians in treating epidemic diseases.In order to condense the innovative characteristics of Xin’an physicians in treating epidemic diseases academically and contribute traditional Chinese medicine to modern infectious disease prevention and treatment in clinical practice.MethodsBy using the "Chronology of Epidemic in Ancient China," "Anhui Health Annals," and "Anhui General History," etc.to sort out the epidemic chronology of the Xin’an region during the Ming and Qing dynasties in chronological order,and consulting the "Summary of Anhui Traditional Chinese Medicine Ancient Books," "Examination of Xin’an Medical Books," "Series of Xin’an Medical Books," and other Xin’an medical books,it is clear that doctors and their medical works who were active during the epidemic years lived in the epidemic years and experienced the epidemic,Or doctors who have not experienced the epidemic but have a unique understanding of the disease and have made outstanding contributions in the field of diseases are selected as the selection criteria,and representative doctors are selected.Integrate and summarize its discourse on epidemics and medical records,and explore and summarize the academic thinking and clinical experience of Xin’an physicians in treating epidemics from the aspects of disease name,onset characteristics,pathogenesis,diagnosis,prevention and treatment,and medication.Collect and organize the selected medical records belonging to the category of epidemic diseases from the representative physicians in Xin’an during the Ming and Qing dynasties.Based on the prescription situation of medical records and the current research status in the field of traditional Chinese medicine epidemic diseases,take one type of epidemic disease – swollen-head infection as an example,consolidate and establish a database of Da Tou Wen medical records in the above-mentioned medical records.Relying on the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance calculation platform V3.0,perform frequency statistics,association rule analysis,and cluster analysis on the prescriptions of Da Tou Wen medical records,Summarize the medication characteristics and compatibility rules of the Xin’an medical records for treating big head fever,and cluster new prescriptions.ResultsXin’an Medicine is rooted in the soil of Huizhou culture,nurtured,developed,and flourished under the influence of Huizhou environment,commercial trade,clan culture,Confucianism,and education.The formation of the Xin’an epidemic is closely related to the current geographical environment,natural disasters,wars,government relief,Huizhou clans,Xin’an Neo Confucianism,and academic inheritance.In this context,the Xin’an medical school inherited the sages and innovated based on facts,reflecting different classification criteria in disease names,and pioneered the name of epidemic diseases.In terms of etiology and pathogenesis,it is advocated that timing and luck are the root cause of the disease,epidemic and evil qi are the direct factors causing the disease,and weak positive qi is the key factor for the occurrence of the disease.The understanding of pathogenic and evil factors includes epidemic caused by the transformation of latent cold to warm,epidemic caused by newly acquired warm diseases,epidemic caused by non seasonal sudden cold,epidemic caused by dampness and filth carrying poison,epidemic caused by injury and dryness,and epidemic caused by dampness and dampness.The transmission and transformation of the disease mechanism manifest in the pathogenic pathway,including the theory of evil invading the mouth and nose,and the theory of invasion by other pathways.The transmission and transformation laws reflect the end of the hundred changes,which are not limited to eight principles;According to the division of meridians,the method can be used to treat typhoid fever;The spread of epidemic pathogens and the spread of triple energizer;Evil invades the lung and propagates backwards to the pericardium;The perception of pathogenic factors varies,and there are different perspectives on the transmission of diseases.Pay attention to changes in tongue,pulse,and symptoms in diagnosis.In terms of prevention and control,there is a skill in prevention,manifested as: writing and speaking,preparing for disasters in the future;See in the bud,govern in the chaos;Vaccination against smallpox to prevent smallpox.The effective treatment is manifested as: treating according to the timing of the day and in response to luck;Suitable for tonifying and dispersing,and treating according to symptoms;First,expel toxin,dispel impurities and eliminate evil spirits;When a heavy army enters the cave,it is advisable to attack with a sharp attack;Disperse Membrane Original,Flow Gas Machine;Clear blood vessels to prevent blockage;Strengthening the right and nourishing the deficiency,aiding yin and nourishing the body;Acupuncture and moxibustion and moxibustion are within reach if medicine is not enough.Moderate regulation,manifested as: valuing Angu and not fasting recklessly;Protect yourself from excessive exertion.The characteristics of the prescription can be seen in the use of drugs along the meridian,and the introduction of drugs into the body;Initial use of light agents,light lifting and management;Make good use of fragrance to cleanse and promote cleanliness;Using elephant like analogy and skillfully applying insect medicine;Create new formulas and specialize in treating epidemics.A total of 151 prescriptions and 137 drugs were compiled from 13 Xin’an physicians for the treatment of swollen-head infection.The frequency statistics showed that 29high-frequency drugs with a frequency of ≥ 15 were used,with Liquorice Root being the most frequently used,followed by Baical Skullcap Root,Platycodon Root,Golden Thread,Great Burdock Achene,Chinese Thorowax Root,etc;The most effective drugs are heat clearing,surface relieving,and tonifying,followed by phlegm resolving,cough relieving,and asthma relieving,qi regulating,and diarrhea;The nature and taste belong to the meridian,and the medicinal properties mostly belong to cold medicine,followed by warm medicine and calming medicine;The medicine has the most bitter and pungent taste;The main meridians are the lung meridian,stomach meridian,and spleen meridian.Association rule analysis revealed 28 drug combinations with a co-occurrence frequency of ≥ 40,and 38 association rule items with a co-occurrence frequency of ≥0.8 for the front and back items.The topology of the association rule network shows Dongyuan Erhuang Decoction and Universal Relief Decoction for Eliminating Toxin.Four core combinations were identified through clustering,namely: Baical Skullcap Root,Rhubarb,Liquorice Root,Golden Thread,Sodium Sulfate,and Largetrifoliolious Bugbane Rhizome;Liquorice Root,Dried Tangerine Peel,Baical Skullcap Root,Great Burdock Achene,Isatis Root,and Figwort Root;Liquorice Root,Divaricate Saposhnikovia Root,Platycodon Root,Sichuan Lovage Rhizome,Fineleaf Schizonepeta Herb,Baical Skullcap Root;Roasted Liquorice Root,Liquorice Root,Ginseng,Chinese Angelica,White Atractylodes Rhizome,and Dried Tangerine Peel.ConclusionsThrough Document retrieval and data mining,this research digs the academic thoughts,clinical experience and medication rules of Xin’an representative physicians in the Ming and Qing dynasties.Research shows that Xin’an medical practitioners inherit and expand their academic thinking and clinical experience,demonstrating inheritance,innovation,regionalism,and representativeness.They have unique insights into the name,onset,pathogenesis,diagnosis,treatment principles,and medication of diseases.They comprehensively and systematically study the literature of Xin’an medicine in the field of diseases and deeply explore its theoretical characteristics,It is of great academic value and practical significance to inherit and innovate the essence of Xin’an medical academic thought.Taking swollen-head infection as an example,this study explores the medication characteristics of Xin An physicians in treating swollen-head infection.It is found that Xin An physicians prioritize the treatment of Da Tou Wen by clearing heat and detoxifying,using both heat and external factors,taking into account the deficiency areas,applying both hard work and cold,and regulating the lungs,spleen,and stomach.It can provide a certain dialectical thinking and diagnosis and treatment reference for modern clinical prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.