| Objective:To investigate the impacts of the cord blood mononuclear cells on the survivalrate,weight,movement,sensation,balance,spontaneous activity,post-stroke depression,cognition,and other behavioral tests of MCAOmodel rat.Methods:The healthy male SD rats were divided into three groups:sham-operated group(A),saline group(B)and Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells(cb MNCs)group(C).Twenty-four hours after the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion(MCAO)model of reperfusion,rats were randomly divided into B and C groups by excluding the ineligible rats.The C group were slowly injected 3ml successfully resuscitated cb MNCs(5×10~6)into the tail vein,and both A group and B group were injected into 3ml saline.The weight and survival rate were daily recorded after stroke.The modified neurologic severity score(m NSS),the Adhesive removal test(ART),the Foot fault test(FFT),the forced swimming test(FST),Open-Field test(OFT)and the Morris water maze test(MWM)were completedfrom days 1 to 14,respectively.All rats were executed after the last day of behavior test and the brains were stained with2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride(2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-Tetrazolium chloride,TTC)to observe the volume of brain infarction in each group.Results:(1)TTC staining:compared with the B group,the C group had smaller cerebral infarct volumes(P<0.05).(2)Survival rate and body weight:the survival rate of 14 days in the C group was above 75%,which was significantly higher than that of the B group with 40%(P<0.05).Body weight of rats in the B and C groups gradually increased after a continuous decrease of about 20%at 7 days after MCAOreperfusion,and there was no difference between the two groups(P>0.05).The A group continued to gain weight,significantly more than the other two groups(P<0.05).(3)m NSS:24 hours after MCAOreperfusion,the m NSS scores were 12.17 and 11.83 in the B group and C group,respectively,which indicated the models were successfully created.The C group were improved more significantly(P<0.05)than the B group starting on day 3after MCAOreperfusion,with 8.33 and 10.83 points,respectively,and only 2.5 points in the C group on day 14,one-half of the B group(5.83points).It was suggested that transplantation treatment of cb MNCscouldhelp the recovery of neurological injury symptoms after cerebral ischemia.The C group showed a sustained improvement in balance function from day 3 in comparsion with the saline group(P<0.05),with the greatest improvement on day 3 and 51%decrease in scores.The greatest improvement was exhibited in the B group on day 5,with a 38%decrease.Differences in movement function were observed from day 7(P<0.05)and a significant improvement in sensory function was found from day 14(P<0.05).It was believed that cb MNCs mainly improve movement and balance functions in MCAO rats in the early stage,and more significant improvements in sensory functions could be observed in the later stage.(4)Foot failure test:The left forelimb misstep rate was about 23%in both B and C groups on day 1,which dropped to about 9%in the C group on day 3,but is still 20%in the B group,with significant differences between the two groups on days 3 and 5(P<0.05)and no significant differences on days 7 and 14(P>0.05),which both dropped to less than 5%.It was suggested that cb MNCsimproved movement function in the left forelimb of rats and that the foot failure test is more sensitive to recent improvements in movement function.(5)Open-Field test:There was a significant difference in the total distance between the three groups(P<0.05)and a significant decrease in the B group compared with the A and C groups(P<0.05),suggesting that cb MNCscould improve the reduced spontaneous activity in MCAO rats due to acute ischemic stroke.(6)the Adhesive removal test:The rats in the B and C groups gradually recovered sensation in the left forelimb from day 7 and day 5,respectively,and a significant reduction in the time to remove the tape from the left forelimb in the C group could be observed on day 14(P<0.05).It wassuggested that cb MNCs can improve the long-term sensory impairment in MCAO rats.(7)the forced swimming test:The duration of immobility was one time higher than that rats undergoing MCAO compared with the A group(P<0.05),and the duration of immobility in the cb MNCs group was significantly less than that in the B groups(P<0.05),suggesting that rats could develop depression-like manifestations after acute ischemic stroke,and cb MNCs could improve the post-stroke depression(PSD).(8)the Morris water maze test:The average latency of the A group was gradually and significantly shortened from day 3(P<0.05).The difference between the B and the C group is greatest only on day 3(P<0.05),and the average latency of the C group was smaller than that of the B group on days 4 and5,but not statistically significant(P>0.05).It was suggested that acute ischemic stroke exerted an effect on spatial memory learning in rats,and the cb MNCs improved their spatial memory learning ability after stroke.There was no significant difference in the target quadrant dwell time and number of stage penetrations between the C group and the A group(P>0.05),but both were more than 2 times of the saline group(P<0.05).It was suggested that the cb MNCs could improve the spatial memory ability after stroke in rats.Conclusion:Umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells improve functional recovery after acute ischemic stroke. |
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