Expression Of DOK2/5/7 Protein In Different Gastric Mucosal Lesions And Its Clinical Significance

Objective: To investigate the expression of downstream tyrosine kinase protein2/5/7(DOK2/5/7)in chronic superficial gastritis(CSG),chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG),low grade intraepithelial neoplasia(LGIN),early gastric cancer/high grade intraepithelial neoplasia(EGC/HGIN)and advanced gastric cancer(AGC)tissues.To explore the correlation and clinicopathological significance of DOK2,DOK5,and DOK7 protein expression in the development of gastric cancer.Methods: From January 2022 to December 2022,150 paraffin embedded tissue samples from the Department of Pathology,Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University,Shaanxi Province,including 30 cases of CSG,CGA,LGIN,EGC/HGIN,and AGC,were collected for endoscopic biopsy,ESD,and radical gastrectomy.Immunohistochemical(IHC)methods were used to detect the expression of DOK2,DOK5,and DOK7 proteins in different gastric mucosal lesions.Result:1.The gastric mucosa of different lesions was significantly related to the patient’s age,HP,and location of the disease(P<0.05).2.DOK2 protein was localized in the cytoplasm/membrane,and there was a statistical difference between the tumor group and the non tumor group(Z=6.828,P<0.001);The expression of DOK2 in different gastric mucosal lesions was statistically significant(H=67.424,P < 0.001);The expression of DOK2 in CSG group was significantly higher than that in EGC/HGIN group and AGC group(P<0.05);The expression of DOK2 in CAG group was statistically significant compared with EGC/HGIN group and AGC group(P < 0.001);The expression of DOK2 in LGIN group was significantly higher than that in AGC group(P<0.001);The expression of DOK2 protein was significantly correlated with HP infection,lymph node metastasis,invasion depth,and CA724(P<0.05).3.The localization of DOK5 protein in the nucleus/plasma was statistically different between the tumor group and the non tumor group(Z=6.550,P<0.001);The expression of DOK5 in different gastric mucosa tissues was statistically significant(H=55.496,P<0.001);The expression of DOK5 in CSG group was significantly higher than that in LGIN group,EGC/HGIN group,and AGC group(P<0.05);The expression of DOK5 in CAG group was significantly higher than that in AGC group(P<0.001);The expression of DOK5 in LGIN group was significantly higher than that in AGC group(P<0.05);The expression of DOK5 protein was significantly different from the degree of differentiation and depth of invasion(P<0.05).4.DOK7 protein was localized in the cytoplasm and had statistical significance in tumor and non tumor groups(Z=4.300,P<0.001);The expression of DOK7 in different gastric mucosa tissues showed statistical differences(H=25454,P < 0.001);The expression of DOK7 protein in CSG group was significantly higher than that in AGC group(P<0.001);The expression of DOK7 in CAG group was higher than that in AGC group(P<0.05);The expression of DOK7 protein in LGIN group was higher than that in AGC group(P<0.05);The expression of DOK7 protein was not significantly correlated with gender,degree of differentiation,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,depth of invasion,HP,Her-2,Ki-67,VEGF,CEA,CA199,and CA724(P>0.05).5.The protein expression of DOK2 and DOK5(rs=0.470,P<0.01),DOK2 and DOK7(rs=0.346,P<0.01),and DOK5 and DOK7(rs=0.393,P<0.01)in different gastric mucosal lesions was positively correlated and statistically significant.Conclusion:1.The gastric mucosa of different lesions is related to gender,HP,and the site of the disease,with statistical differences.2.Compared with non tumor group,DOK2/5/7 protein is downregulated in tumor group,which may be involved in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer as a tumor suppressor gene.3.The expression of DOK2/5/7 protein gradually decreases in different lesions of gastric mucosa,and the change in DOK protein expression may be involved in the malignant transformation of gastric mucosal epithelium.Due to significant differences in cancer transformation rates and clinical management among CAG,LGIN,and EGC/HGIN,the difference in DOK staining intensity between them may be one of the markers of early gastric cancer.4.DOK2/5/7 protein is low expressed in gastric cancer groups.DOK2 is associated with HP infection,lymph node metastasis,depth of invasion,and CA724 in patients.DOK5 is associated with the degree of differentiation and depth of invasion in patients.It is speculated that the low expression of DOK2/5 is associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients.There was no correlation between DOK7 and clinical pathological parameters of patients.5.There is a mild positive correlation between DOK2,DOk5,and DOK7,indicating a potential synergistic effect,but further research is needed to confirm this.