Analysis And Prevention Of Occupational Diseases In China’s Construction Industry

In recent years,the prevention and control of occupational diseases in China has achieved good results,but there is a lack of sufficient attention to the prevention of occupational diseases in the construction industry.The construction industry loses a lot of labor every year due to occupational diseases,and the number of new employees is very small.Therefore,the cause analysis and prevention research of occupational diseases in the construction industry is of great significance to protect the occupational health of workers,maintain the overall number of workers in the construction industry,and reduce the cost of enterprises and society.At present,the preventions of occupational diseases in the construction industry mainly focus on the identification and management of occupational risk factors,the supervision and monitoring of occupational health,and the lack of behavioral research on occupational diseases,so this paper analyzes the behavioral causes of occupational diseases,and conducts preventive research on occupational diseases in the construction industry from the behavioral level.Occupational diseases in the construction industry are mainly divided into chronic occupational diseases and acute occupational diseases.Among them,chronic occupational diseases mainly include pneumoconiosis,chronic poisoning,arm vibration disease,etc.,and acute occupational diseases mainly include acute occupational poisoning.For acute occupational diseases,first make statistics on accident grades,casualties,types of dangerous gases and types of operations,and obtain macroscopic rules: Acute poisoning accidents in the construction industry are mostly major accidents,accounting for more than 80%,and should be prevented;Among them,sulfide gas caused the most acute occupational poisoning,accounting for more than 35%;in the operation type,the operation type operation occurred the most,accounting for more than 40%.For the cause analysis of acute occupational diseases,43 acute occupational poisoning accidents in the construction industry were analyzed by using the "2-4" model of the accident cause theory,and the following results were obtained:(1)There were 64 unsafe physical states in 6 categories,of which "working space was limited" was the most,accounting for 50%.(2)269 unsafe actions in 29 categories,including 118 times in 9 categories of front-line workers,and "not wearing occupational safety protective equipment" occurred the most,accounting for nearly 30%;96 times in 15 categories of mid-level managers,the most frequent occurrences of "no pre-job occupational safety training for operators or inadequate training",accounting for more than 20%;55 times in 5categories of senior managers,and "no special personnel supervision" occurred the most,accounting for more than 40%.(3)There are 8 categories of 153 times of insufficient safety knowledge of habitual behavior,of which "lack of mastery of safety operation rules in confined spaces" occurred the most,accounting for more than 16%;low security awareness is13 categories 199 times,of which "not aware of wearing "Importance of protective equipment" occurred the most,accounting for more than 16%;7 categories of poor safety habits occurred 84 times,of which "lack of the habit of wearing protective equipment" occurred the most,accounting for more than 30%.(4)The safety management system is 233 times in 11 categories,among which the "deficiency of the safety operation system" occurred the most,accounting for more than 17%.For the analysis of the causes of chronic occupational diseases,the literature analysis method is used to analyze and find that: the main types of chronic occupational diseases in the construction industry are pneumoconiosis,chronic poisoning,occupational noise-induced deafness and hand-arm vibration disease;The aggregated causes are re-analyzed to obtain the direct causes,indirect causes,root causes and social causes of chronic occupational diseases.Unsafe actions,habitual behaviors,and lack of safety management systems are calculated using the AHP,and the weight of each level of personnel and each specific cause is obtained.It is calculated that among the unsafe actions,front-line workers(ω=0.54)have the greatest impact,and labor protection(ω=0.38)has the greatest impact;among habitual behaviors,middle-level managers(ω =0.56)have the greatest impact.The biggest impact is the habitual behavior of safety management(ω =0.2856);among the lack of safety management system,safety planning(ω=0.56)has the greatest impact,and the lack of safety operation system(ω=0.2144)has the greatest impact.For the prevention of occupational diseases in the construction industry,the research is carried out from the individual level,the enterprise level and the social level.Among them,for the individual level,the cross-theoretical model is used to conduct behavioral intervention prevention research on front-line workers,middle managers and senior managers,and the actual verification of front-line workers is carried out,and it is found that the behavior of front-line workers has produced positive improvement;For the enterprise level,countermeasures are put forward from four aspects: improving the safety operation system,improving the labor protection equipment management system,optimizing the safety education and training system,and strengthening construction site safety inspection;for the social level,from the government to strengthen the vocational training system,the government to strengthen supervision and law enforcement Countermeasures are put forward in three aspects: strength and improvement of occupational health guarantee mechanism.