Study On The Level And Influencing Factors Of The Adversity Quotient Of The Medical Staff During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: The study is aimed at understanding the status of adversity quotient in medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic,compare the difference of adversity quotient among the medical staff with the different demographic characteristics,analyse the principal factors affecting adversity quotient,explore the mediating roles of positive emotions,self-efficacy between the personality characteristic and adversity quotient,seek the action pathway that affects the adversity quotient to propose relevant measure to improve the adversity quotient of medical staff during a public health emergency in order to keep the psychological health and have a good working condition.Methods: Convenience stratified random sampling was used to select respondents.A total of 600 medical workers were selected for the questionnaire survey in two tertiary hospitals in Dalian from May 2021 to July 2021,including 200 doctors,200 nurses and 200 managers(administration management and logistics management),and 546 people were eventually included in the study.A self-administered general information questionnaire,the Eysenck Personality Questionaire Revised-Short Scale For Chinese(EPQ-RSC),the positive and negative emotion scale(PANAS),the general selfefficacy scale(GSES)and the Adversity Response profile(ARP)were used as survey tools.Epi Data3.1 was used to establish the database,EXCEL,SPSS25.0 and Mplus8.0 were used to statistically analyze the data.The statistical analysis methods which we used were descriptive analysis,t-test,variance analysis,multiple linear stepwise regression,and structural equation model.Results:1.In this study,there were 546 people who became the participants,including 156(28.57%)doctors,196(35.90%)nurses and 194(35.53%)managers,while 237 of them came from Hospital A and 309 from hospital B.The number of Male is 171(31.32%)and the female is 375.A large proportion of people is between 30 and 39 years old(51.65%),a large proportion of them were married,401(73.44%).The first degree of most medical workers is undergraduate(46.89%).In terms of highest degree,the number of undergraduate increased to 288(52.75%)and the number postgraduate increased to 214(39.19 %).Most of their working years are more than 4 years(89.01%).The number of medical workers with medium-grade professional title are the predominant(39.74%).Majority(57.88)earned monthly profit which is above 8000.2.The total average score of adversity quotient of medical works is 128.19±14.93,that was at a medium level,doctors(126.93±9.84),nurses(126.06±14.66),managers(131.36±17.86).There were statistically significant differences in the score of adversity quotient(F=1.483,P<0.05),control dimension(F=23.820,P<0.001),original & ownership dimension(F=8.832,P<0.001),reach dimension(F=12.215,P<0.001)among the three different occupations.Managers had the highest scores on adversity quotient,control dimension,original & ownership dimension,doctors had the highest scores on reach dimension.3.The univariate analysis found that the demographic variables affecting the adversity quotient of medical works were occupation,first degree,night shift,monthly profit and hospital.4.Correlation analysis found that the personality characteristics,positive emotions,selfefficacy had correlation with adversity quotient and its dimensions.5.The result of multiple linear stepwise regression found that personality characte ristics,positive emotions,self-efficacy had an impact on the adversity quotient or its dimensions.6.The structural equation model shows that positive emotions and self-efficacy had mediating roles between personality characteristics and adversity quotient.Psychosis mainly negatively affected control dimension(β=-0.035),original & ownership dimension(β=-0.085)and reach dimension(β=-0.077)through the positive emotions,and positively affected control dimension(β=0.023)through self-efficacy.Extraversion mainly positively affected original & ownership dimension(β=0.057),reach dimension(β=0.077),endurance dimension(β=0.067)through positive emotions.Neuroticism negatively affected all dimensions of through positive emotions or selfefficacy.Conclusion and suggestion: 1.Under the COVID-19 pandemic,the adversity quotient of medical workers in Dalian is at a medium level,and the level of adversity quotient of managers is higher than that of doctors and nurses.The adversity quotient of doctors and nurses should be cared.2.Under the COVID-19 pandemic,the scores of adversity quotient and its dimensions of medical workers who are not on night shift are higher.The medical workers with higher first degree got higher scores on adversity quotient and its control dimension and reach dimension.Medical workers with higher salary levels got higher scores on the adversity quotient endurance dimension.3.After excluding the mixed interference of demographic variables,personality characteristics,positive emotions and self-efficacy had impact on adversity quotient or its dimensions.Different personality traits can affect different dimensions of adversity quotient through positive emotions and self-efficacy.Psychoticism and neuroticism have a greater impact on each dimension of adversity quotient.Therefore,we should focus on the adversity quotient of medical workers with high scores about psychoticism and neuroticism.4.For medical workers with different personality traits,different solutions should be adopted to enhance their adversity quotient levels.It is recommended that for medical workers with high psychoticism scores,hospital managers should enhance their positive emotions by setting up appropriate recreational and relaxation activities,those who get low psychoticism scores should get appropriate encouragement to enhance their selfefficacy.For introverted medical workers,the main way to enhance their adversity quotient is to improve positively emotions by encouraging them to express their feelings and communicating positively.For medical workers with high neuroticism scores,psychological interventions are recommended to maintain their positive emotions,supplemented by transmitting self-identified values to enhance their self-efficacy.