| ObjectivesTo investigate the status quo and characteristics of nutritional literacy in diabetic foot patients;To explore the correlation between nutritional literacy and diet management,social support and anxiety in patients with diabetic foot.The main influencing factors of nutritional literacy in diabetic foot patients were analyzed to provide reference for improving the nutritional status of diabetic foot patients and implementing targeted health education.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional study.Convenience sampling method was adopted to select 337 patients with diabetic foot who met the standard of inclusive criteria in the diabetic foot treatment center and endocrinology department of a Grade-A tertiary provincial hospital in Da Lian,Liao Ning Province from January 2022 to October 2022.The purpose and methods of this study were introduced to the patients during their hospitalization.After the patients were aware of this study and signed the informed consent form,a questionnaire survey was conducted.The research tools included the general Information questionnaire,Chinese version of nutrition literacy assessment instrument,the diabetic diet management scale,the diabetic social support scale,and generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale.SPSS 26.0 software was used for descriptive analysis,Mann-Whitney U test,Kruskall-Wallis H test,Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results1.A total of 328 valid questionnaires were collected in this study,the total score of nutritional literacy of diabetic foot patients was 19.00(15.00,25.00),119(36.28%)cases had normal nutritional literacy and 209(63.72%)cases had low nutritional literacy.The highest average score of consumption skill dimension was 0.67(0.44,0.78),and the lowest average score of family food measurement dimension was 0.33(0.33,0.50).2.The results of comparison of nutritional literacy and scores of various dimensions of diabetic foot patients with different socio-demographic characteristics showed that there were statistically significant differences in nutritional literacy scores of diabetic foot patients with different places of residence,educational level,per capita monthly family income and occupation(P<0.05).The scores of nutritional literacy,nutrition and health dimension,energy source dimension,food label calculation dimension and consumption skill dimension of diabetic foot patients of different ages had statistical significance(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the scores of nutritional literacy,nutrition and health dimension,energy source dimension,family food measurement dimension,food label calculation dimension and food grouping dimension of diabetic foot patients of different genders(P<0.05).3.The comparison results of nutritional literacy and scores of each dimension scores of diabetic foot patients with different disease characteristics showed that there was statistical significance in nutritional literacy scores of diabetic foot patients who had received nutrition and health education or not(P<0.01).There were statistically significant differences in the scores of nutrition literacy,nutrition and health dimension,energy source dimension,food label calculation dimension and consumption skill dimension of diabetic foot patients with different Wagner grades and diet control(P<0.05).The scores of nutritional literacy,nutrition and health dimension,energy source dimension,food label calculation dimension,food grouping dimension and consumption skill dimension of diabetic foot patients with different albumin levels were statistically significant(P<0.05).4.The results of correlation analysis showed that the total score of nutritional literacy in diabetic foot patients was positively correlated with the total score of diet management,the total score of social support,the dietary knowledge dimension,the dietary belief dimension,the dietary behavior dimension,the support dimension needed,the support dimension actually received and the cognition dimension of support(P<0.01),and was negatively correlated with the total score of anxiety dimension(P<0.01).5.The results of multiple linear stepby-step regression analysis showed that age,education level,per capita monthly household income,Wagner rating,diet management,social support and anxiety entered the regression equation,accounting for 77.90% of the total variation in nutritional literacy of diabetic foot patients.Conclusions1.The nutritional literacy of diabetic foot patients was at a low level,and the score of home food measurement dimension was the lowest,which needed to be improved.2.There were differences in nutritional literacy and scores of some dimensions among diabetic foot patients with different age,sex,place of residence,education level,per capita monthly family income,occupation,Wagner rating,whether they had received nutrition and health education,whether they controlled their daily diet,and albumin levels,suggesting that medical staff can implement nutrition health education from several dimensions of nutrition literacy according to the dietary nutrition problems of diabetic foot patients with different characteristics.3.The nutritional literacy of diabetic foot patients was positively correlated with diet management and social support,but negatively correlated with anxiety.Improving the level of diet management and social support and reducing the level of anxiety are helpful to improve the nutritional literacy of patients.4.The main influencing factors of nutritional literacy in diabetic foot patients included age,education level,per capita monthly household income,Wagner rating,diet management,social support and anxiety.From the perspective of diet management,social support and anxiety,medical staff can focus on elderly patients with diabetic foot,high Wagner rating,education level and low per capita monthly family income,and adopt effective strategies to improve the nutritional literacy level of patients. |
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