Preliminary Study On The Characteristics Of Lung Flora In Female Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma

Part Ⅰ Characterization of the flora of lung tissues in patients with lung adenocarcinoma at different stages of developmentObjective:In this study,based on 16SrRNA sequencing technology,we analyzed the characteristics of lung tissues flora in female lung adenocarcinoma patients at different stages of development to investigate the characteristics of lung flora changes during the development of lung adenocarcinoma.Materials and Methods:Normal lung tissue samples were collected from female patients who were diagnosed with benign lesions(n=7),adenocarcinoma in situ(n=16),microinvasive adenocarcinoma(n=31)and invasive adenocarcinoma(n=25)by lung surgery pathology at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University between October 2021 and October 2022.The compositional structure and functional characteristics of the lung tissue samples were examined using 16SrRNA sequencing technology to compare the differences in the characteristics of lung flora at different stages of development.Results:As lung adenocarcinoma progresses,the alpha diversity of the lung flora gradually decreased,with a significant decrease in alpha diversity occurring at progression to invasive adenocarcinoma.Beta diversity analysis revealed similar flora structure in benign lesions,adenocarcinoma in situ and microinvasive adenocarcinoma,while invasive adenocarcinoma had a unique flora structure.The composition of the lung flora was similar in different stages of lung adenocarcinoma development,but there were differences in species abundance.The abundance of major species at the phylum and genus level did not change significantly in the early stages of lung adenocarcinoma,and species abundance decreased significantly when progressing to invasive adenocarcinoma,with only the Bacillus showing a significant increase in abundance.There were also differences in the functional characteristics of the lung flora in different stages of lung adenocarcinoma development.In terms of species phenotypes,the abundance of phenotypes with Mobile Element Containing,Biofilm Forming,Oxidative Stress Tolerant,Facultatively Anaerobic and Pathogenic was significantly higher in invasive adenocarcinoma;in terms of species metabolic pathways,the abundance of metabolic pathways was significantly lower in invasive adenocarcinoma.Conclusion:During the development of lung adenocarcinoma,the lung flora also changed in stages,with insignificant changes in the early stages and characteristic changes in the progression to invasive adenocarcinoma.Compared with early stages of lung adenocarcinoma,the lung flora diversity and species abundance were significantly reduced in invasive adenocarcinoma,a unique flora structure was formed,and the adaptability and pathogenicity of the lung flora were significantly increased.Part Ⅱ Characterization of the flora in different locations of the lungs of patients with invasive adenocarcinomaObjective:In this study,we analyzed the characteristics of lung flora at different locations in female patients with invasive adenocarcinoma based on 16SrRNA sequencing technology to investigate the characteristics of lung flora changes in the tumor microenvironment.Materials and Methods:Samples of cancer tissues(n=31),paracancerous tissues(n=31)and normal lung tissues(n=25)were collected from female patients with pathologically confirmed invasive adenocarcinoma diagnosed by lung surgery at our hospital between October 2021 and October 2022.To examine the composition structure and functional characteristics of the flora of all tissue samples by 16SrRNA sequencing technology and compare the differences in the characteristics of the flora of different locations in the lung.Results:There was no significant difference in the alpha diversity of the flora in different locations in the lungs of patients with invasive adenocarcinoma,but the closer to the tumor,the lower the alpha diversity tended to be.Beta diversity analysis showed similar flora structure in cancer and paracancerous tissues,which were clearly distinguished from normal lung tissues.The composition of the flora in the lungs of invasive adenocarcinoma was similar at different locations,but there were differences in species abundance.Compared with normal lung tissues,the abundance of species was significantly lower in cancer and paracancerous tissues,but significantly higher in Acinetobacter and Comamonas.There were also differences in the functional characteristics of the flora in different locations of the lung.The phenotypic abundance of Gram Negative was increased and that of Gram Positive was decreased in cancer and paracancerous tissues compared to normal lung tissues.In addition,the abundance of species metabolic pathways in cancer and paracancerous tissues also showed reduced changes.Conclusion:In different locations in the lungs of patients with invasive adenocarcinoma,the compositional structure and functional characteristics of the flora of cancer and paracancerous tissues were similar and differed significantly from those of normal lung tissues.Species abundance was significantly lower in cancer and paracancerous tissues,with dominance of Gram-negative bacteria and reduced abundance of metabolic pathways in the flora.