Expression Of PI3K、AKT And BAD In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma And Its Clinical Significance

Objective:Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is characterized by high treatment resistance,high recurrence rate and high mortality,and its incidence has been increasing in recent years.With the update and progress of molecular biology research methods,a variety of tumor-related signaling pathways and factors have been found to affect tumor progression by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis.Phosphatidylinositide-3 kinases/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)signaling pathway is one of the important pathways regulating various cellular functions,and its activity is enhanced ina variety of human tumors.It makes the cells highly proliferate and resist apoptosis,thus affecting the prognosis.B lymphocytoma-2 gene-associated death promoter(BAD),as an apoptotic factor,participates in the recognition process of various apoptotic stimuli.In this study,the expression of PI3K,AKT and BAD in OSCC was detected by immunohistochemistry,and we analyzed the correlation between the expression of PI3K,AKT and BAD and their clinicopathological parameters,laying a foundation for the interpretation of biological behavior of OSCC.Methods: The expression of PI3K,AKT and BAD in 56 OSCC patients was detected by immunohistochemistry,Chi square test and correlation test were used to analyze the correlation between PI3K,AKT,BAD and clinicopathological parameters.Results:(1)In 56 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma,PI3K was primarily expressed in tumor cell membrane and cytoplasm,73.2%(41/56)was its positive expression rate.In the degree of tumor differentiation,the positive expression rate was 71.0%(22/31)in the high differentiation group,82.6%(19/23)in the medium differentiation group,and no expression in the poorly differentiated group(0/2).The expression rate in moderately differentiated group was higher than that in highly differentiated group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)In 56 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma,AKT was primarily expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus,46.4%(26/56)was positive expression rate.85.7%(12/14)was the positive rate in the group with lymph node metastasis and 33.3%(14/42)in the group without lymph node metastas.In the cases with lymph node metastases was above that without lymph node metastas,there was significant statistical difference(P <0.05).In clinical stage,34.4%(11/32)was the positive expression rate in stage I + II group,and that in stage III +IV group was 62.5%(15/24).The rate of expression in stage III +IV group was above in stage I +II group,and there was significant statistical difference(P<0.05).(3)The positive rate of BAD was 60.7%(34/56),46.7%(14/30)in the ≥60 years old group,and in the <60 years old group,the rate was 76.9%(20/26),there was significant statistical difference(P<0.05).The positive expression rate was 92.9%(13/14)in the positive lymph node metastas group,and 50.0%(21/42)in the negative lymph node metastasis group.The expression of BAD in the cases with lymph node metastases was above that without lymph node metastas,and there was significant statistical difference(P<0.05).(4)In 56 cases of OSCC,BAD was positively correlated with PI3K(r=0.393,P=0.005),and BAD was positively correlated with AKT(r=0.352,P=0.01).There was no significant correlation between PI3K and AKT expression(r=0.181,P=0.191).AKT and BAD were positively correlated with lymph node metastasis(r=0.398,P=0.002;r=0.441,P=0.001).Conclusion:(1)In oral squamous cell carcinoma,the expression of PI3K was related to differentiation stages,but not with sex,age,lymph node metastasis and clinical stages.The expression of AKT was related to lymph node metastasis and clinical stages,but not with sex,age and degree of differentiation.The expression of BAD was related to lymph node metastasis and age,but not with sex,differentiation stages,and clinical stages.These results suggest that both PI3K/AKT pathway and associated factor BAD play roles in OSCC,which may interfere with biological behaviors such as OSCC invasion and metastasis.(2)In oral squamous cell carcinoma,BAD is positively correlated with PI3K and AKT,and AKT and BAD are positively correlated with lymph node metastasis.The results suggest that the PI3K/AKT pathway plays an important role in the development of OSCC.