Cognition And Attitude Of Middle-aged People To Pension Model And Future Pension Demand In Yan ’an City

Objectives:(1)To clarify the status quo of the cognition and attitude of the middle-aged population to the existing pension mode in Yan ’an city;(2)Make clear the key needs of the middle-aged people in Yan ’an city for future pension expectation;(3)To explore how demographic characteristics and cognition and attitude of pension mode affect the choice of future pension mode for prospective middle-aged people;(4)Provide reference basis and reasonable suggestions for Yan ’an municipal government and relevant departments to grasp the future development direction of pension more accurately and actively deal with aging.Methods: Using stratified sampling method,in the middle-aged population of Yan’an urban dwellers(45 to 59 years old)in the first according to the classifications(teachers,medical workers,civil servants,employees,enterprise employees,and other professional)into the six layer,and then in each layer of "random" to extract the object of study,a questionnaire to them.The contents of the survey include general demographic characteristics,cognition and attitude of pension mode,future pension mode choice and reasons,future pension demand,etc.The effective questionnaire information was input by Excel and SPSS26.0 statistical software was used for data statistical analysis.The analysis methods included statistical description(mean,standard deviation,frequency,constituent ratio)and statistical inference(single factor analysis,multi-factor analysis).Results:1.In terms of old-age cognition,53.7% of the research subjects disagreed with "raising children/women to prevent old age";84.5% of the research subjects chose to live alone with their partner/self for family old-age care.Only 40.5% of the research subjects knew/understand the community pension model very well;the most needed elderly care services for community elderly care are health care services and daily life care.59.8% of the research subjects have an average impression of the elderly care institutions;poor health,need someone to take care of(35.6%)and loneliness and need someone to accompany(24.8%)are the main reasons why the research subjects would consider living in an elderly care institution.2.In terms of pension needs,the top three most important pension needs are emotional and belonging needs,safety needs and physiological needs.The top three physiological needs are daily care,medical care and nutrition services.The top two safety requirements are comfortable and safe living environment and fully equipped old-age protection facilities.The top three emotional needs were children,participation in social activities and the companionship of friends.Respect from family members and society and cultural and recreational activities for the elderly ranked first and second.The top three selfactualization needs are to engage in activities within one’s ability,physical exercise and give play to one’s strengths and hobbies to realize one’s own value.3.The selection of future pension models for the middle-aged people in the urban area of Yan’ an City: the proportion of family pensions is the highest(73.5%),followed by community pensions(14.9%),and finally institutional pensions(11.6%).4.Factors influencing the choice of pension mode: In terms of personal characteristics,education level,occupation,average monthly income and number of children affect the choice of the research object between family pension,community pension and institution pension.Physical condition affected the subjects’ choice between family care and institutional care.In terms of pension cognition,the understanding degree of community pension model and family’s attitude to nursing home affected the choice between family pension and community pension.Whether they agree with the idea of "raising children for old age",whether they take the initiative to pay attention to the development of old-age care,and the overall impression of nursing homes affect the choice of the research subjects among family,community and institution old-age care models.Conclusion:1.Middle-aged people in the urban area of Yan’an City have a low level of awareness of the community pension model and a low degree of recognition of the institutional pension model.2.The old-age care needs of the middle-aged people in the urban area of Yan’an have the characteristics of diversification and multi-level.3.The old-age care model for the middle-aged people in the urban area of Yan’an City is mainly family-based care,and the proportion of community-based care and institutional care is relatively low.4.The factors that affect the choice of the old-age care model for the middle-aged people in the urban area of Yan’an City are as follows: education level,occupation,average income,number of children characteristics,physical condition,whether to agree to "keep son/daughter of age",whether active focus on the development of the pension,the overall impression,nursing home ’understanding of the community endowment patterns,family attitude to go to a nursing home.