Research On The Influencing Factors Of The Subjective Well-being Of The Elderly In The Community From The Perspective Of Healthy Aging

Objective: From the perspective of healthy aging,based on stress and coping theory,to understand the status quo of subjective well-being of the elderly in the community,analyze the relationship between subjective well-being and frailty,self-perceived aging,and SOC life management strategies,and explore frailty,self-perceived aging,and SOC The path and intensity of the effect of life management strategies on subjective well-being,so as to provide basic data for related rese arch and nursing intervention to improve the subjective well-being of the elderly.Methods: Using the cross-sectional survey method in non-experimental research,through convenience sampling,from March 2021 to June 2021,302 elderly people from a convenience outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Yanji and a community health service center were selected as the research obje cts;Data questionnaire,Tilburg frailty scale,short version of self-perceived aging scale,SOC life management strategy questionnaire and Memorial University of Newfoundland happiness scale implementation survey,using SPSS 26.0,AMOS 24.0 for data analy sis,measurement data by mean,standard The count data were described by frequency and composition ratio;the normal distribution data were used independent sample t test or one-way ANOVA,Pearson correlation analysis,multiple linear regression analysis,constructing structural equation model and using Bootstrap method for mediation effect test,and the test level was α=0.05.Results:(1)The overall situation of the elderly in the community: the average age is70.25±6.44 years old,and the ratio of males and females is balanced;76.8% of the elderly currently live in cities,and 210(69.5%)of the elderly are married a nd live with their spouses.There are 203 people(67.2%);nearly half of the elderly have a per capita monthly income of 3,000 yuan or more;only 12.3% of the elderly never exercise,163(54.0%)of the elderly self-assessed that their health was good,82.1 % of the elderly suffer from chronic diseases diagnosed by doctors;all study subjects have endowment insurance and medical insurance;92.7% of the elderly are satisfied with the support of their children.(2)The total score of subjective well-being of the elderly in the community was31.45±10.38 points,the average score of PA items was the highest,and the NE was the lowest.Among them,nearly half of the elderly(40.4%)are at a high level of subjective well-being,and 7.3% are at a low level.The frailty score of the elderly in the community was 7.49±3.68 points,and the average scores of the dimension items were social frailty,mental frailty,and physical frailty from high to low.Among them,the incidence of frailty in the elderly was 71.5%.The sel f-perceived aging score of community elders was 55.28±9.82,which was in the middle and high level,and the average score of chronic time item was the highest.The total score of SOC life management strategies for the elderly in the community was 4.73±3.45 points,of which the average score of the optimization dimension was the lowest.(3)The results of univariate analysis show that: subjective well-being is affected by the current family residence,marital status,living situation,per capita monthly income of the family,weekly exercise frequency,self-assessed health status,whether there are chronic diseases,pension insurance type,medical insurance type The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(4)The results of correlation analysis show ed that the total score of frailty in the community was positively correlated with the total score of self-perceived aging,and negatively correlated with the total score of SOC life management strategy and the total score of subjective well-being;the total score of self-perceived aging and the total score of SOC life management strategy and The total score of subjective well-being was negatively correlated;the total score of SOC life management strategy was positively correlated with the total score of subjective well-being(P<0.05).(5)The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that frailty,SOC life management strategies,self-perceived aging,current family residence,self-assessed health status,pension insurance type,and weekly exerc ise frequency had an impact on the subjective well-being of the elderly.Explained 74.1% of the total variance of subjective well-being(P<0.05).(6)Structural equation of factors affecting the subjective well-being of the elderly in the community: There are 7 action paths,of which the indirect effect and total effect of frailty on the subjective well-being of the elderly in the community are the largest,with effect sizes of-0.581、-0.934;SOC life management strategy had the greatest direct effect on it,with an effect size of 0.472(P<0.05).(7)The results of Bootstrap’s mediating effect test showed that the absolute value of the Z-values of the indirect effect of frailty on th e subjective well-being of the elderly in the community were all greater than 1.96,an d the 95% CI of the three indirect effects did not contain 0,indicating that the mediating effect existed.Moreover,the 95% CI of the direct effect of frailty on subjec tive well-being does not contain 0,indicating that self-perceived aging and SOC life management strategies play a partial mediating role between frailty and subjective well-being among the elderly in the community.Conclusions:(1)The subjective well-being of the elderly in more than half of the communities in Yanbian is in the medium-low level.Low level of education,unmarried/divorced/widowed,living in rural areas,living alone/with others,low per capita monthly income of the family,chronic disease s,etc.are the influencing factors of subjective well-being,and the individual should be fully considered when providing nursing services make the difference.(2)Frailty and self-perceived aging are important risk factors for the subjective well-being of the elderly in the community,and SOC life management strategies are their protective factors.The lower the degree of frailty,the more active the self-perceived aging,and the higher the subjective well-being of the elderly in the community who adopted the SOC life management strategy.(3)The subjective well-being of the elderly in the community can be directly improved by improving frailty;frailty can also enhance their well-being experience by improving negative self-perceived aging and strengthening SOC life management strategies.