| Objective To investigate the status quo of successful aging and parent-child support among the elderly in the community,analyze the influencing factors of successful aging and parent-child support in the community,and explore the correlation between successful aging and parent-child support.Methods This study used both quantitative and qualitative research methods.The first part of the quantitative research adopts a cross-sectional research design.From April 2021 to September 2021,In 10 living communities,including Lixia District,Changqing District,Licheng District,and Huaiyin District of Jinan City,convenience sampling was used to select the elderly in the community who met the inclusion criteria as the research objects.The general information questionnaire,the Successful Aging Inventory(SAI),the Acceptance of Adult Children’s Support Questionnaire(SSA),and the Elderly People’s Social Support to Adult Children Questionnaire(SSB)were selected.Data was entered using Excl 2010,and SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze the data,involving descriptive statistics(frequency,percentage,mean ± standard deviation),T test,analysis of variance,correlation analysis and multiple linear regression(stepwise method)analysis statistical methods.The second part is qualitative research,which is using the phenomenological research method。Based on the purposeful sampling principle,the maximum difference sampling strategy was used to include 13 elderly people in the community as the research objects.Based on the interview outline,face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with the elderly in the community to better understand the correlation between the successful aging of the elderly and parent-child support.Results1 General information on the elderly in the community A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed and recovered in the study,3 unqualified questionnaires with logical errors were excluded,There were197 valid questionnaires left,and the effective recovery rate was 98.5%.Among the elderly population in this survey,there were 96 males and 101females;74(37.6%)were 60-69 years old,71(36%)were 70-79 years old,and52(26.4%)were 80 years and older.The marital status is dominated by married(70.6%),followed by widowed(26.9%),unmarried(1.5%)and divorced(1.0%).51.3% of the elderly mainly live in cities;52.8% of the elderly live with their spouses.2 The status quo of successful aging of the elderly in the community The average score of successful aging of the elderly in the community was(51.39±0.552)points,and the scores of each dimension were the average score of inner factors and survival meaning(20.25±0.352)points,the average score of functional coping mechanism(14.58±0.145)points,and the average score of beyond aging.The average score was(12.14±0.127),the average score of inheritance was(3.12±0.050),and the average score of spirituality was(1.29±0.071).3 Analysis of the influencing factors of successful aging of the elderly in the community The results of univariate analysis show: The successful aging scores of community elders with different gender,age,marital status,education level,place of residence,living status,monthly income,communication frequency,meeting frequency,smoking status,social participation status,number of chronic diseases,and self-care ability,the differences are all statistically significant Significance(P<0.05).However,the Number of children,the number of son,the number of daughter,the number of grandchildren,and drinking status had no statistical significance in the scores of successful aging of the elderly in the community(P>0.05).4 Status of parent-child support The average score of receiving parent-child support was(69.08±8.215)points,and the scores of each dimension were(26.32±4.030)points for receiving emotional support,(23.01±3.758)points for receiving service support,and(19.75±4.504)points for receiving material support.The average score of giving parent-child support was(71.73±8.544)points,and the scores of each dimension were(29.05±2.974)points for giving emotional support,(25.98±4.659)points for giving service support,and(16.69±4.396)points for giving material support.5 Analysis of the influencing factors of parent-child support The results of univariate analysis show: gender had significant differences in the total score of receiving parent-child support and receiving material support(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in receiving service support and emotional support(P>0.05);age had significant differences in the total score of receiving parent-child support and receiving service support(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in receiving material support and emotional support(P>0.05);the place of residence and living status had significant differences in the total score of receiving parent-child support,receiving service support and receiving emotional support(P<0.05),and there was no statistical difference in receiving material support scores(P>0.05).Gender had significant differences in giving service support(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the total scores of giving parent-child support,giving material support and emotional support(P>0.05);age had significant differences in the total score of giving parent-child support,giving material support and service support(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in giving emotional support for children(P>0.05);the places of residence had significant differences in the total score of giving parent-child emotional support(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the scores of giving support,giving material and service support(P>0.05);the residence status had significant differences in the total score of giving parent-child support and the scores of each dimension(P<0.05).6 Correlation between successful aging and parent-child support Spearman’s rho correlation analysis between successful aging and parent-child support total score and each dimension shows that successful aging has a significant positive correlation with receiving parent-child support total score and receiving emotional,material,and service support dimensions scores(P<0.01),Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients were r=0.507,0.626,0.150,0.273;successful aging was significantly positively correlated with the total score of giving parent-child support and the scores of emotional support,material and service support(P<0.01),Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients were r=0.359,0.488,0.210,0.178.7 Multiple Linear Regression for Successful Aging The variables with significant differences in univariate analysis and correlation analysis were included in the multiple linear regression equation,and the final result was a total of 8 factors that entered the regression model of successful aging factors,namely receiving emotional support,participating in social activities,education level,Receiving material support,giving service support,living status,number of chronic diseases,smoking,successful aging of dependent variables can explain 58.4% of the total variance of independent variables.8 Qualitative findings Through in-depth conversations with the elderly in the community,after sorting and analyzing the interview results,five themes were extracted.(1)The emotional support is helpful for successful aging;(2)Accepting parent-child support for middle-aged and elderly people promotes successful aging;(3)The parent-child support given to young elderly can promote aging in life;(4)Economic support helps the elderly in rural communities to age successfully;(5)Unbalanced parent-child support is not conducive to successful ageing.Conclusions1 The level of successful aging of the elderly in the community is in a moderate state.Among them,the sense of inheritance dimension has the highest score,and the spiritual dimension has the lowest score.The level of successful aging of the elderly in the community is affected by gender,age,marital status,education level,place of residence,living status,monthly income,communication frequency,meeting frequency,smoking status,number of chronic diseases,self-care ability,and social participation status.2 The parent-child support level of the elderly is in the middle state,and the giving parent-child support level is higher than that of receiving parent-child support.In each dimension,the dimension of receiving and giving emotional support has the highest score,and the dimension of receiving and giving material support has the lowest score.The level of receiving parent-child support was affected by gender,age,place of residence,and living conditions.The level of giving parent-child support is affected by age and living conditions.3 From the correlation analysis: it can be seen that the total score and each dimension of receiving parent-child support and giving parent-child support are positively correlated with the level of successful aging of the elderly in the community.4 After multiple linear regression(stepwise method)analysis,it can be seen that receiving emotional support,receiving material support,and giving service support can positively predict the level of successful aging.Two-way and balanced parent-child support is more conducive to promoting the development of successful aging of the elderly.5 The results of qualitative interviews show that emotional support has a significant positive impact on the successful aging of the elderly in the community;there are age differences in the impact of parent-child support on the successful aging of the elderly;There are urban and rural differences in the impact of economic support on successful aging;only two-way,reciprocal parent-child support contributes to successful aging in older adults. |
PDF Full Text Request