| Objective:The purpose of this study was to understand the general condition,successful aging,health literacy,social support status,and general demographic characteristics of the elderly in the community,to identify the relevant aspects of successful aging,health literacy,and social support.Relationships,explore the impact of health literacy and social support on the aging of older people,this study provides the basis for relevant research and nursing interventions for successful aging in older adults.Methods:This survey uses the convenience sampling method to select elderly people who volunteer to participate in the survey in the elderly populations such as the community and parks in Yanji as the subject of this study.The survey was conducted using a general data questionnaire,a successful aging scale,a chronic disease patient health literacy scale,and a social support rating scale.All questionnaires were sorted,coded and entered into the database,SPSS 21.0 and Amos 17.0 statistical software was used for data analysis,and the test level was set to a=0.05.Result:In this study,the Maye,s index was 24.0,which shows that the age distribution of the sample population is better.The average score of successful aging was 53.70± 10.21.Among the general demographic characteristics,there were significant differences in the successful aging of the elderly in terms of gender’,age,nationality,educational level,occupation,family relationship,monthly income,medical insurance,chronic diseases,self-assessment of health status and self-assessment of successful aging(p<0.05).Male,60～70 years old,Han nationality,highly educated,mental workers,spouses,cohabitation with immediate relatives,family harmony,monthly income of more than 3,000 yuan,medical insurance,family harmony,no chronic diseases,children in China,self-rated as "good" in health,self-rated subjects with successful ageing scored higher health literacy scores.The average score of social support was 34.81±7.51.Male,60～70 years old,Han nationality,highly educated,workers and individuals,cohabitation with immediate relatives,family harmony,monthly income of more than 3,000 yuan,self-rated as"good" in health,self-rated as "definite" successful aging subjects scored higher social support scores.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the health literacy and dimensions,social support and dimensions were positively correlated with successful aging and dimensions,and the correlation coefficient r=0.193～0.931,the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).After controlling the general demographic characteristics,hierarchical linear regression showed that the explanatory power of health literacy to the successful aging level of the subjects increased by7.3%(F=22.094,p<0.001),and the explanatory rate of social support to the successful aging level of the subjects increased by 2.7%.All the variables explained 64.7%of the total variation(F=23.876,p<0.001).The explanatory rates of the three models reached a significant level(p<0.05).Path analysis showed that health literacy positively predicted successful aging;information acquisition ability independently and positively predicted successful aging in sub-dimensions of health literacy;support utilization in social support positively predicted successful aging;CMIN/DF<5,NFI,RFI,IFI,CFI,were all greater than evaluation criteria 0.90,PNFI,PCFI were greater than evaluation criteria 0.50,which fully shows that the fitting result is better.Conclusion:(1)Successful ageing of the elderly in the community is not high,which needs to arouse widespread concern of the society.The research objects of different gender,age,nationality,educational level,occupation,marital status,living conditions,monthly income,medical insurance,chronic diseases,children’s status,health self-assessment and self-assessment of successful aging are different in the level of successful aging.(2)The health literacy level of the elderly in the community is relatively low.There are significant differences in the health literacy level among different gender,age,nationality,educational level,occupation,marital status,living conditions,monthly income,medical insurance,chronic diseases and children.(3)The level of social support for the elderly in the community is still acceptable.Social support has significant differences in age,nationality,educational level,occupation,marital status,living conditions,monthly income,medical insurance,chronic diseases.(4)The higher the level of health literacy and the better the social support,the better the successful aging of the elderly in the community.The educational level,occupation,family income,self-rated successful aging,health literacy and social support of the elderly in the community have significant effects on their successful aging.(5)The health literacy of the elderly in the community can positively predict their successful aging;The utilization of social support can positively predict the successful aging;Health literacy plays a role as an intermediary variable of social support affecting the successful aging of the elderly in the community. |
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