Analysis Of Epidemiology And Plastic Repair Methods In 1287 Patients With Facial Soft Tissue Trauma

ObjectiveThe care and repair of trauma is currently considered one of the major challenges in the field of public health.According to the report released by the World Health Organization,the proportion of unintentional injuries caused by falls and road traffic accidents is increasing year by year,and the incidence of facial trauma is also increasing year by year.At present,most of the literature analyzes the epidemiological characteristics of maxillofacial trauma(including soft tissue trauma,maxillofacial fracture,and soft tissue trauma with maxillofacial fracture),but few scholars study the epidemiology of facial soft tissue trauma alone.With the progress of the times,people pay more and more attention to the external image,and it is difficult to accept the "centipede-like" scars or facial deformity changes in emergency treatment after facial soft tissue trauma.Patients often undergo secondary repairs due to scars and dislocation deformities.Plastic surgery combines "trauma treatment" and "shape repair" to reduce unnecessary post-plastic treatment and economic burden.This article retrospectively analyzes the epidemiological characteristics of patients with facial soft tissue trauma who visited the Medical Beauty Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1,2019,to December 31,2021,and discusses the effects of plastic repair methods in different types of facial soft tissue trauma.It can provide a reliable basis for the prevention and treatment of facial soft tissue trauma.MethodFrom January 1,2019,to December 31,2021,a total of 1287 patients with facial soft tissue trauma were admitted to the Medical Beauty Center of our hospital.After thorough debridement,combined with the patient’s injury and the wishes of the family,it is reasonable to choose to use tissue glue bonding or plastic surgery fine suture to treat the wound,and use tension reducers,anti-scar treatment drugs,and photoelectric therapy after the operation.Scar treatment,the cycle is at least half a year.The data of this group of patients were retrospectively analyzed,including gender,age,cause of injury,injury time,injury site,wound characteristics,and other information.Postoperative follow-up was carried out in the form of outpatient reexamination.A total of 793 people were successfully followed up,with a follow-up rate of 61.6%,and their recovery was recorded.Enumeration data were expressed as a number of cases(n)or percentage(%).Using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 statistical software,the χ2 test was performed on the data between groups of different age groups.P<0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.Result1 Epidemiological features1.1 Gender distribution:A total of 1287 facial soft tissue patients were included in this group of data,including 818 males(63.6%)and 469 females(36.4%),with a male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1.1.2 Age distribution:The age of onset of 1287 patients ranged from November to 71 years,with an average age of 13.5 years.The preschool children group(3-6 years old)had the most patients,with a total of 372 patients(28.9%).1.3 Causes of injury:Most of the patients were injured due to bumps,a total of 398 people,accounting for 30.9%.Followed by traffic injuries of 313 people,accounting for 24.3%.1.4 Injury time:The peak incidence was during 9:00-12:00 and 16:00-19:00,with a total of 718 people(55.8%).From the point of view of all patients’ visit months,there are more patients in October,November,and December each year,but fewer patients in September each year.1.5 Injury site:In this study,the most injured patients were the forehead,with 366 patients(28.4%),followed by the nose with the most injuries,with 155 patients(12.0%).1.6 Wound characteristics:The main injury type was contusion and laceration in 1177 cases(91.4%).Among them,there were 406 cases(31.5%)of superficial injuries,475 cases(37.0%)of middle layer injuries,and 406 cases(31.5%)of deep layer injuries.The average wound length was 4.2 cm.1.7 The gender composition ratio of patients in different age groups was different,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=13.718,P<0.05).Except for the elderly group(≥ 60 years old),there were slightly more males than females in all age groups.1.8 The proportions of injury causes were different among patients in different age groups,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=122.74,P<0.05),Minors injured by collisions.2 Treatment and prognosisTreatment results of plastic repair methods:793 patients were reexamined in outpatient clinics and followed up for 1 to 6 months.Among them,724 patients(91.3%)had grade A healing,with good shape,no obvious facial deformity and severe scarring,and no complications.Twenty-six patients(3.3%)had severe facial damage,poor postoperative local morphology,and bilateral asymmetry.Thirty-nine patients(4.9%)developed scarring.Four patients(0.5%)developed postoperative infection.Conclusion1.Most of the patients with facial soft tissue trauma are males and minors,and falls are the main injury factors.2.The forehead is the most common injury site for facial soft tissue trauma and is usually a contusion due to its anatomical structure.3.The number of patients in different periods fluctuated,and the peaks were before lunch and dinner.There are relatively more trauma patients each year in winter.4.After facial soft tissue trauma,it is advisable to use plastic repair methods for treatment,most of which can receive good results and avoid secondary repair.