Quality Analysis And In Vitro Intestinal Flora Metabolism Of Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis Pectin

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis alias:yellow Gardenia,mountain Gardenia,white toad,is the fruit of the Rubiaceae plant Gardenia,produced in Shandong,Jiangsu,Anhui,Zhejiang,Jiangxi,Fujian,Taiwan,Hubei,Hunan,Guangdong,Hong Kong,Guangxi,Hainan,Sichuan,Guizhou and Yunnan,Hebei,Shanxi and Gansu etc.The part used for medicine is its dried and ripe fruit,which is a traditional Chinese medicine blindly.It belongs to the first batch of medicinal and food resources issued by the Ministry of Health.The drug was first recorded in "Shen Nong’s Materia Medica",with cold in nature,bitter taste,enters the heart,lungs,and Sanjiao channels.It has the effects of purging fire and eliminating troubles,clearing heat and diuresis,cooling blood and detoxification,and can reduce swelling and relieve pain when applied externally.It is used for fever,upset,damp-heat jaundice,astringent pain in drenching syndrome,blood-heat vomiting,red eyes,swelling and pain,fire toxin sore,and external treatment of sprain and contusion pain.Gardenia is rich in iridoid glycosides and crocins as active ingredients.There are already two food additives products on the market:Gardenia yellow and Gardenia blue(synthesized by geniposide and amino acids).Based on the previous research on Gardenia yellow,this paper uses Gardenia waste residue as a raw material to extract pectin,conduct structural characterization and quality analysis,and explore whether it can be used for intestinal flora and is the comprehensive processing and utilization of Gardenia pectin for reference.Using Gardenia residue as raw material,the water extract of Gardenia residue is obtained by the extraction method of cellulase-assisted acid addition,and the cation adsorption resin is added to obtain the Gardenia crude pectin extract.The pectin substance is separated by adding absolute ethanol and passed through hydrochloric acid.The ethanol solution is further purified to obtain the final product Gardenia pectin(GJP).(1)The molecular weight analysis method was established by using high performance molecular exclusion chromatography and TSK-GEL G3000 PWXL chromatographic column.Using dextran series standard products as a control,the molecular weight of Gardenia pectin was determined to be 44.10 KDa.(2)Using HPEAC-PAD to detect the composition of monosaccharides,and perform infrared,1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy analysis on them,the results showed that the composition of monosaccharides were galacturonic acid,galactose,rhamnose,arabinose,xylose,Glucose and fucose have the highest content of galacturonic acid,followed by rhamnose and galactose,and other types have less content.The structure analysis speculates that the structure of the Gardenia pectin extracted in this paper includes 63.16%galacturonan and 33.07%rhamnogalacturonan.(3)The acid-base chemical titration method,the meta-hydroxybiphenyl method,the anthrone sulfuric acid method,the BCA method,and the Folin phenol method are used to determine the degree of esterification,galacturonic acid,neutral sugar,protein and total phenol content.The results showed that the esterification degree of Gardenia pectin is 72%,which is a high-ester pectin.The galacturonic acid content is 88.1%,the neutral sugar content is 7.65%,the protein content is 1.06%,and the total phenol content is 0.9 mg/g.The emulsification 50%and emulsification stability 37.5%were measured,the water holding capacity was 3.26 g/g,and the oil holding capacity was 1.52 g/g.In addition,the pH value,moisture content,dry matter content,viscosity,ignition residue,heavy metal content and other indicators of Gardenia pectin were measured and compared with the quality standards of commercially available apple pectin and citrus pectin.All the indicators are In line with national standards.On the basis of the structure and quality research,this thesis also conducted a study on the in vitro activity of Gardenia pectin.(1)Through co-cultivation with rat intestinal bacterial solution,it is found that GJP can be utilized and degraded by the flora,and its molecular weight is significantly reduced.And using 16S rDNA sequencing methods to explore its regulatory effect on the intestinal flora,and found that GJP pectin significantly increases the abundance of intestinal microbial populations.Mainly manifested in the increased abundance of Firmicutes,and decreased abundance of Bacteroidete,Proteobacter and Verrucomicrobia.(2)In vitro antioxidant activity analysis showed that GJP pectin exhibits significant DPPH inhibitory activity,hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide ion scavenging activity.The above results provide a theoretical reference for the expansion of gardenia utilization rate and the further development and utilization of gardenia pectin.