| Agriculture is the foundation of human survival and development,and the stable supply of agricultural output is the top priority to achieve a strong agricultural country.Due to the limitations of the basic situation of large population and small land,large input of agricultural chemicals has become one of the important means to ensure the quantity of agricultural output in our country.The abuse of agricultural chemicals,mainly pesticides and fertilizers,has resulted in increased agricultural pollution and reduced agricultural production efficiency.In order to improve agricultural production efficiency,the No.1 Central document in 2023 clearly puts forward the green development of agriculture as the core requirement of agricultural modernization transformation,and does a solid job of "promoting the green development of agriculture".Therefore,to promote the optimization of agricultural production efficiency under the background of agricultural green development,the primary task is to objectively and accurately evaluate the economic and environmental comprehensive effects of agricultural production.Agroecological efficiency is one of the quantitative tools of agricultural sustainable development.The evaluation of agroecological efficiency is helpful to distinguish the economic-environmental coordination degree of agricultural production,and provide theoretical and practical basis for improving agricultural production efficiency and transforming green agricultural development mode.As a typical phenomenon in the process of social and economic development in China,the adjustment of labor resources in agriculture and non-agricultural industries will cause changes in the pattern of agricultural production factors.Under the background of the large transfer of rural labor force,vigorously promoting the development of agricultural socialization service is the inevitable way to realize agricultural modernization.The "14th Five-Year Plan" National Agricultural Mechanization Development Plan emphasizes: "Agricultural machinery operation service to replace human animal power operation is an important symbol of agricultural modernization." The development plan summarizes the development needs of agricultural mechanization during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period into two main aspects: one is to solve the problem of "who will farm and how to farm" under the background of rural labor transfer through the development of agricultural socialization services,and the other is to enhance the technical support of agricultural machinery for the green development of agriculture.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to integrate labor off-farm transfer,agricultural socialization service and agricultural green development into the realistic framework of realizing agricultural modernization,and to explore labor off-farm transfer,agricultural socialization service and agricultural ecological efficiency.In addition,the non-agricultural labor transfer and agricultural socialization service are the carriers to realize agricultural modernization.To discuss the mechanism of the effect of agricultural socialization service on the process of agricultural ecological efficiency is the key point to grasp the development needs of agricultural mechanization in the new era.This study selected Jianghan Plain as the sample region,used the county-level panel data of Jianghan Plain from 2010 to 2020 and the survey data of a total of 939 households to construct an agricultural ecological efficiency evaluation index system containing non-expected output,and selected the super-efficiency SBM model to evaluate and analyze the county-level agricultural ecological efficiency and farmer ecological efficiency in Jianghan Plain.On this basis,based on the Tobit model,the relationship between labor off-farm transfer,agricultural machinery socialization service and agricultural ecological efficiency was discussed respectively,and the adjustment mechanism of the influence of agricultural machinery socialization service on the agricultural ecological efficiency process of labor off-farm transfer was further verified.The research conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The agroecological efficiency at county level in Jianghan Plain was generally at a high level.The average agroecological efficiency in the region was 0.829 from2010 to 2020,and the agroecological efficiency showed a fluctuating upward trend,rising from 0.677 in 2010 to 0.982 in 2020.It indicates that the agricultural production in the counties of Jianghan Plain is gradually developing in the direction of high efficiency,low cost and green and sustainable.The ecological efficiency of farmers is at the medium efficiency level,with the average value of the sample being 0.502,more than half of the farmers are in the efficiency interval of(0,0.4),and most of the farmers are in the state of production efficiency loss,which indicates that the agricultural production behavior of farmers in Jianghan Plain is irrational to some extent,and there is still a large room for improvement in the resource utilization behavior of farmers.(2)Non-agricultural labor transfer and agricultural machinery socialization services can significantly promote the optimization of agricultural ecological efficiency:Based on the verification of the county-level panel data of Jianghan Plain from 2010 to2020,the non-agricultural labor transfer and agricultural machinery socialization services have a positive impact on agricultural ecological efficiency at the 5% test level,and their influence coefficients are 0.3678 and 0.5396,respectively.Based on the validation of the survey data of 939 rural households,the non-agricultural labor transfer and agricultural machinery socialization service have a significant positive impact on the ecological efficiency of rural households at the 1% test level,and their impact coefficients are 0.0752 and 0.0448,respectively.The survey data from the county level and peasant household level in Jianghan Plain show that the non-agricultural labor transfer and agricultural machinery socialization service can promote the agricultural ecological efficiency.Combined with the mechanism analysis,the study explained the result as the migrant income brought by the non-agricultural labor transfer strongly supported agricultural production,and the increase of income from outside agriculture would encourage farmers to adopt advanced production factors.In addition,nonagricultural labor transfer has adjusted the allocation of labor factors and other production factors,reduced the number of agricultural surplus labor,and made the allocation of production means more reasonable,thus contributing to the optimization of agricultural ecological efficiency.The socialized service of agricultural machinery reduces the cost of agricultural production,promotes the standardization and modernization of agricultural production and improves the ecological efficiency of agriculture by replacing manpower with machinery.(3)The development of agricultural machinery social services can strengthen the positive impact of non-agricultural labor transfer on agricultural ecological efficiency:the adjustment effect tests of agricultural machinery social services at the macro county level and the micro farmer level show positive significance at the test level of 1% and10% respectively.The test results of the moderating effect of agricultural machinery socialization service on the influence of labor off-farm transfer on agro-ecological efficiency showed that the development of agricultural machinery socialization service strengthened the positive influence of labor off-farm transfer on agro-ecological efficiency.According to the research,the social service of agricultural machinery improves the rising cost of rural labor transfer by providing low-cost and differentiated production services.In addition,the introduction of agricultural machinery has brought advanced technology,which can make up for the efficiency loss caused by human labor to a certain extent,and provide a realistic path for the connection between small farmers and modern agriculture,thus producing a positive regulatory effect.According to the above research conclusions,this study puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from three aspects: optimizing the allocation of agricultural production factors,promoting the realization of high-quality rural labor transfer and employment,and giving play to the regulating role of agricultural socialization services.Based on the research conclusions,the shortcomings of this paper are analyzed and the research prospects are made. |
PDF Full Text Request