Study On The Content And Yield Of Anthocyanin In Kernel And Silk Of Different Color Maize Varieties

Corn is the main food crop in China,and the development of fresh corn industry is of great significance to China ’s agricultural development.With the change of people’s consumption concept,consumers ’ attention to fresh corn has changed from ’ with or without ’ to ’ high quality ’,and the market demand for high quality fresh corn is also increasing.As one of the main producing areas of fresh corn in Yunnan,the fresh corn industry has developed rapidly,but there are still problems such as single variety and low comprehensive utilization rate.It is of great significance to breed and promote high-quality fresh corn or multi-purpose fresh corn varieties.In this study,black、purple and red fresh corn varieties popularized in different ecological areas were used as materials to carry out variety comparison experiments in Simao District of Pu ’er City.The main results are as follows:In Simao District of Pu ’er City,Yunnan Province,23 color fresh corn varieties such as black purple and red were cultivated in March,and their yield and anthocyanin content were different.When the color cornused as fresh food,the varieties with higher yield and output value than the control variety are Heinuo 1 are Heitiannuo 631,Zinuo 208,Zitiannuo 3,Suyunuo 1706,Qianduoduo 1,Shanheinuo,Xixinghongnuo 4,Suyunuo 918,Heijianuo,Jiatianheinuo,Suyunuo 1903,Qianduoduo 668,Suyunuo 908,Jinnuo 20,Xutiannuo 020,Zixiangnuo and other 16 varieties.When used as fresh food and silage corn,11 varieties such as Zinuo 208,Suyunuo 1706,Suyunuo 1903,Shanheinuo,Qianduoduo 668,Jinnuo 20,Zixiangnuo,Heitiannuo 631,Hongtiannuo144 and Zitiannuo 3 had higher yield and output value than the control.Aiming at harvesting color maize grain yield,Heijianuo,Shanheinuo,Suyunuo 908,Zinuo 208,Heitiannuo 631,Heinuo 1,839,Zitiannuo 3,Suyunuo 1706,Heinuo 6,Qianduoduo 1,Jiatianheinuo,Zixiangnuo,Jinnuo 20 and other varieties had higher yield and quality than the control.In the process of maize grain formation,the content of soluble sugar,soluble protein and free amino acid in different color maize grains increased first and then decreased with the change of grain filling stage-milk maturity stage-waxy maturity stage-full maturity stage.The soluble sugar content of black and purple fresh corn grains reached the maximum value mainly in the 15-20 days after pollination.Except for Heinuo 1 and Heinuo 6,the soluble protein content reached the maximum at 15-20 days after pollination.The content of free amino acids reached the maximum at 20-25 days after pollination.The anthocyanin content of black maize kernels reached the maximum at 20-25 days after pollination.The anthocyanin content in red maize grain reached the maximum at about 25 days after pollination.Except for Suyunuo 1706,Suyunuo 918 and Suyunuo 1903,the anthocyanin content of purple maize grains reached the maximum at the green harvest stage,and the other varieties showed an upward trend with the grain formation until the maturity stage.During the formation of maize kernels,the components,main components and contents of anthocyanin in maize kernels are different,resulting in different kernel colors and different trends.In the process of grain filling stage-milk maturity stagewaxy maturity stage-full maturity stage,the number of anthocyanin components gradually decreased and finally remained stable,and the content of anthocyanin components also increased first and then decreased.The main components of anthocyanin in the three colors of fresh corn grains were Cy3 G,anthocyanin 7,anthocyanin 9,anthocyanin 10,anthocyanin 14,anthocyanin 15 and anthocyanin 20,but their contents were different.Black and red fresh corn is dominated by Cy3 G,followed by anthocyanins 9,14 and 20,etc.Purple fresh corn is dominated by anthocyanins 14,followed by 6,9 and 10,etc.Black fresh corn was harvested about 20 days after pollination.The content of soluble sugar,soluble protein,free amino acid and other nutrients was high,and the content of anthocyanin was high.It was the best harvest period.At the same time,it had excellent internal quality,good taste and high output value.It was the most suitable variety for planting in Pu ’er.The anthocyanin content of red varieties such as Pintian827 and Hongtiannuo 144,and purple varieties such as Suyunuo 918 was second,with good quality and high output value,which were also suitable for promotion.