The Effect Path Research On The Livelihood Transformation Of Grassland Herders Under The Background Of Grazing Prohibition Policy

With the increasing population pressure on the grassland,human activities and a series of destructive behaviors such as illegal grazing have seriously threatened the grassland ecology,resulting in the decline of the grassland ecological service function and the weakening of the ability to withstand natural disasters.In view of this,the state issued a ban on grazing policy to control the grassland ecology,because the amount of subsidies is far from enough to make up for the economic losses of herders,so the phenomenon of "stealing grazing" in the grassland area frequently occurs,seriously threatening the ecological security of the grassland.It is of great significance for grassland ecological management and livelihood improvement to explore the livelihood transformation of grassland herders under the background of grazing prohibition policy.Based on the sustainable livelihood framework theory and the consciousity-context-behavior theory,this study takes the current livelihood and livelihood transformation of pastoral households in forbidden areas as the research object.Taking Yanchi County of Ningxia as an example,a typical area of the project of "returning grazing to grassland" in northwest China,this thesis studies the current livelihood mode of herders and its influencing factors by using household survey data.Secondly,the partial least squares structural equation model is used to analyze the livelihood transformation of herders and its action path,and according to the research conclusions,countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the livelihood transformation of herders under the background of grazing ban.This research mainly includes the following two sub-studies:(1)By obtaining sample data through household survey,the current livelihood characteristics of herders and their influencing factors are studied.First of all,through the analysis of the current livelihood mode of herdsmen,it is found that the current scale of herdsmen has a decreasing trend,but the subjective initiative of reducing grazing is poor.Secondly,the structural equation model is used to explore the key factors affecting the current livelihood of herders.(2)Sample data obtained from household survey were used to analyze the status quo and function path of pastoral household livelihood transformation.First of all,by analyzing the characteristics of the current livelihood transformation of herders,it is found that the current livelihood transformation of herders is small,and the level of dependence on traditional livestock livelihood is still high.Secondly,statistical analysis software such as SPSS and Smart-PLS is used to analyze the action path of the livelihood transformation of herders.The results showed that:(1)the environmental sensitivity of herders and their satisfaction with the grazing compensation mechanism could effectively reduce the current grazing livelihood of herders.The higher the dependence of herders on grasslands,the easier grazing was;Grassland dependence degree and environmental sensitivity,grassland dependence degree and compensation mechanism satisfaction degree have significant interaction effects on grazing livelihood.(2)Human capital,financial capital,compensation mechanism satisfaction and livelihood transformation intention significantly promoted the livelihood transformation of herders;Environmental sensitivity significantly inhibits livelihood transition.(3)Human capital and financial capital indirectly affect livelihood transformation through influencing the intention of livelihood transformation;(4)Compensation mechanism satisfaction and environmental sensitivity have significant moderating effects on the relationship between human capital and financial capital and livelihood transformation.