Effects Of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Crude Extract On Performance,serum Biochemical Indices And Intestinal Microorganisms Of Guangxi MA Chickens

Guangxi Ma chicken is one of the famous local breeds.In the process of breeding,there will be problems such as reduced immunity and production performance.Feed additives are usually used in breeding farms to solve these problems.Moringa oleifolia is widely planted in subtropical region,and studies have shown that Moringa oleifolia has anti-inflammatory and immune enhancing effects.However,there has not been any application study on crude extract of Moringa oleifolia leaves in Guangxi Ma chickens,so this paper aims to develop crude extract of Moringa oleifolia leaves as a feed additive.To explore the effects of Moringa leaf crude extract on slaughter performance,meat quality,egg production performance,egg quality,serum biochemistry,intestinal morphology and intestinal microorganisms of Guangxi Ma chickens.The crude extract of Moringa oleifera leaf was studied and its composition was determined.A total of 720 Guangxi Ma chickens aged 28 weeks were selected.The chickens in CK group were fed corn-soybean meal basal diet,and the crude extract of Moringa oleifera leaves in T1,T2 and T3 groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 100mg/kg,150mg/kg and 200mg/kg,respectively.The pre-feeding period was 7 days and the formal period was 56 days.The results are as follows:1.Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf crude extract on slaughter performance of Guangxi Ma chickens.The abdominal fat percentage in T1 group was significantly lower than that in CK group（P<0.05）,the abdominal fat percentage in T2 group was significantly lower than that in CK and T3 groups（P<0.05）,and the spleen index in T2 and T3 groups was significantly higher than that in CK and T1 groups（P<0.05）.The results showed that moringa leaf crude extract could reduce the percentage of abdominal fat and increase the spleen index of Guangxi Ma chickens.2.Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf crude extract on meat quality of Guangxi Ma chickens.The hydraulic power of chest muscle and leg muscle in T1 group was significantly higher than that in CK,T2 and T3 groups（P<0.05）,the shear force of chest muscle in T1,T2 and T3groups was significantly lower than that in CK group（P<0.05）,and the color brightness of chest muscle and leg muscle in T2 group was significantly higher than that in CK,T1 and T3groups（P<0.05）.The results showed that moringa leaf crude extract could improve the meat quality of Guangxi Ma chickens.3.Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf crude extract on laying performance of Guangxi Ma chickens.The laying rate of T1 and T2 groups was significantly higher than that of CK group（P<0.05）.The average daily egg weight of T2 group was significantly higher than that of CK,T1 and T3 groups（P<0.05）.The ratio of feed to egg in T1,T2 and T3 groups was significantly lower than that in CK group（P<0.05）.The results showed that moringa leaf crude extract could improve the laying performance of Guangxi Ma chickens.4.Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf crude extract on egg quality of Guangxi Ma chickens.The average egg weight and yolk ratio in T2 group were significantly higher than those in CK group（P<0.05）.The eggshell strength in T2 and T3 groups was significantly higher than that in CK group（P<0.05）.The results showed that moringa leaf crude extract could improve the egg quality of Guangxi Ma chickens.5.Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf crude extract on serum biochemistry of Guangxi Ma chickens.The contents of estradiol（E₂）and calcium（Ca）in T1 group were significantly higher than those in CK group（P<0.05）.The contents of estradiol（E₂）,calcium（Ca）,iron（Fe）,immunoglobulin A（Ig A）and immunoglobulin M（Ig M）in T2 group were significantly higher than those in CK group（P<0.05）,while the contents of triglyceride（TG）and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）in T2 group were significantly lower than those in CK group（P<0.05）.The contents of albumin（ALB）,calcium（Ca）and immunoglobulin A（Ig A）in T3 group were significantly higher than those in CK group（P<0.05）.The results showed that moringa leaf crude extract could reduce serum lipid,increase mineral content and improve immune performance of Guangxi Ma chickens.6.Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf crude extract on intestinal morphology of Guangxi Ma chickens.The villus height of jejunum in T1 and T2 groups was significantly higher than that in CK group（P<0.05）.The crypt depth of jejunum in T2 and T3 groups was significantly lower than that in CK group（P<0.05）.The villus height/crypt depth of duodenum in T1 and T2 groups was significantly higher than that in CK and T3 groups（P<0.05）.The results showed that moringa leaf extract could improve the villus height and decrease the crypt depth in the intestinal tract of Guangxi Ma chickens.7.Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf crude extract on intestinal flora of Guangxi Ma chickens.16S sequencing data showed that there were 666 identical OTUs in each group.There was no significant difference in Alpha diversity among all groups（P>0.05）.The analysis of Beta diversity showed that the bacterial community structure of T2 and CK groups was significantly different.At the family level,the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae in T2 group was significantly higher than that in CK,T1 and T3 groups（P<0.05）.At the genus level,the relative abundance of Ruminococcus＿torques＿group in T2 group was significantly higher than that in CK and T3 groups（P<0.05）,while the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium in T2 and T3 groups was significantly lower than that in CK group（P<0.05）.LEf Se analysis showed that significant differences in intestinal flora abundance were detected between T2 and CK groups at the order,family,genus and species levels,respectively.The results showed that Moringa leaf crude extract could change intestinal flora diversity and promote intestinal health of Guangxi Ma chickens.In conclusion,dietary supplementation of moringa oleifolia crude extract can improve performance,improve meat and egg quality,increase serum immune function and mineral content,reduce blood lipid,improve intestinal morphology,regulate intestinal flora diversity and flora abundance of Guangxi Ma chickens,and the effect of supplementation of 150mg/kg moringa oleifolia crude extract is better.The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for the application of moringa leaf crude extract as feed additive in poultry production.