Investigation And Analysis On The Development Status Of Agricultural Machinery Cooperatives In Lishu County

With the restructuring of agriculture and rural economy and the development of agricultural industrialization,agricultural mechanization has received increasing attention.At the same time,agricultural machinery cooperatives,as the main supporting body of agricultural mechanization,have also received more and more attention.Therefore,based on the statistical data of Lishu County,this paper studies the development status of agricultural machinery cooperatives and mechanized fertilization,and uses field research data to analyze the use status of fertilization machinery of agricultural machinery cooperatives and the impact of mechanized fertilization on maize production,so as to provide a basis for further optimizing and improving the protective mechanized fertilization system in Lishu County and driving the good development of corn industry.The main results are as follows1.The number and mechanization level of agricultural machinery cooperatives in Lishu County have increased rapidly:In the past 10 years,the number of agricultural machinery cooperatives in Lishu County has increased nearly tenfold,and there are 4,901 professional households in agricultural machinery professional service organizations,an increase of nearly 10 times compared with 2011.The total power of agricultural machinery reached 1,426,000 kilowatts,and in terms of driving employment,the number of rural agricultural machinery employees reached nearly 17,600 in 2020.2.There are obvious differences in the scale and type of fertilizer spreader of agricultural machinery cooperatives in Lishu County:Lishu County agricultural machinery cooperatives are mainly small agricultural machinery cooperatives,accounting for 52.51%,and large agricultural machinery cooperatives account for only 16.44%.Different sizes of agricultural machinery cooperatives were mainly free tillage sowing fertilizer spreaders,and with the gradual increase of the scale of agricultural machinery cooperatives,79.33%,65.46%and 60.14%,respectively,while rotary tillage sowing fertilizer spreaders showed the opposite trend.The total operating area and unit operating area of the two types of seeders in large agricultural machinery cooperatives are the highest.In terms of fertilizer discharger type,the outer trough wheel discharger was the main one,accounting for 57.69%.In terms of the number of operating rows,the four-row and six-row seeding fertilizer spreaders of large agricultural machinery cooperatives accounted for the largest proportion,accounting for 23.08%and 13.46%respectively.3.There are differences in fertilization machinery and planting techniques for maize at different yield levels:The high,medium and low yields of maize in the cooperative were 12508 kg/hm~2,10501 kg/hm~2 and 9544 kg/hm~2,accounting for25.76%,55.10%and 20.71%,respectively.From the perspective of fertilizer spreader,46.53%of the high-yield main body used strip cultivator for fertilization;47.52%of the high-yield main fertilizer spreader has more than six rows of operation lines;66.34%of the high-yield entities used external trough wheel dischargers;The high-yield main body accounting for 46.53%chose the tractor fertilizer spreader;The planting density of 46.53%of the high-yield subjects was 6.5-67,000 plants,and the straw return of 53.47%of the high-yield subjects was greater than 12000 kg/hm~2.4.The comprehensive benefits of protective mechanized maize fertilization mode were significantly improved:Compared with traditional fertilization,the yield of protective mechanized fertilization increased by 11.61%,the nutrient input of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium decreased by 22.86%,18.02%and 7.13%,respectively,and the fertilizer utilization rate increased by 5.53,4.36 and 5.72percentage points,respectively.At the same time,the planting density of mechanized fertilization tends to be reasonable compared with traditional fertilization,and mechanized fertilization reduces the total input by 13.68%and increases the net income by 20.52%compared with traditional fertilization.In summary,the level of agricultural mechanization in Lishu County is relatively high,but there are also many problems,such as the level of intelligence of fertilizer spreaders is not high,the cultural level of growers is low,the fertilization method and dosage need to be optimized,and the planting accuracy needs to be strengthened,etc.The countermeasures proposed are to develop an intensive,large-scale and mechanized corn production system,promote mechanized precision fertilization,improve farmers’planting level,increase policy guidance,and improve farmers’income.