| Stropharia rugosoannulata is one of the top 10 mushroom in global edible fungus trade market,and also the important role of edible fungus industry in China.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations recommended to the developing countries to promote the cultivation of edible fungi for both food and drug species.At present,there are still some problems in the cultivation and production of global mushroom industry in Jiangxi,such as lack of high-quality spawn,low breeding efficiency and single cultivation method.Breeding high quality strains,regulating planting management and optimizing cultivation scheme play an important role in expanding the cultivation market and improving the economic and ecological benefits of S.rugosoannulata.In this study,combined with the natural environment conditions in Jiangxi,through experimental cultivation and comprehensive physiological indexes,we screened out the high-quality strains of S.rugosoannulata suitable for promotion in Jiangxi.The key link of S.rugosoannulata culture medium was optimized,and a new technology of mushroom culture was established to meet the needs of industrial development.According to the nutritional characteristics and physical and chemical properties of different agricultural and forestry wastes,the light and cultivation mode of mushroom culture suitable for the needs of industrial development in Jiangxi was established through the study of screening the formula of cultivation materials,mulch and time allocation.The main research results are as follows:(1)Six strains with specific characteristics were screened out.The strain Dq-02 showed alkaline resistance,and the optimal p H was 8.0.The strains Dq-03 and Dq-05 showed high temperature resistance and could still maintain activity under the culture condition of 35℃.The cap color of strain Dq-06 was light yellow.The center of the cap of strain Dq-08 was yellow and the surrounding was claret-red.The lamellae color of strain Dq-11 was white and did not produce spores.The lamellae color of strain Dq-12 was off-white and sporulation was rare.Among them,strain Dq-08 showed the highest yield and the best commercial performance in Jiangxi,which was suitable for popularization and cultivation in Jiangxi area.(2)The better carbon source for the stock culture of strain Dq-08 was soluble starch,the better nitrogen source was peptone,the better inorganic salt was dipotassium phosphate,the better growth temperature was 30℃,and the better p H was 5.0.The study on the mother spawn and spawn culture substrate showed that the effect of culture substrate after compost fermentation was obviously better than that of unfermented substrate.The optimum formula ratio of culture substrate,wheat bran,lime and gypsum was 78:20:1:1.Under the same environment,peanut shell and peanut shell fermentation material as medium bacteria contamination rate is higher.The culture effect of bamboo sawdust fermentation material was the best,and the filling time of mycelium bags was 30 d shorter than that of traditional sawdust bacteria bags,and basically no pollution occurred.In the process of strain breeding,the best effect of mycelium growth was achieved by means of stick insertion,sterilization and sterilization cotton plug after inoculation.The time of mycelium filling the bag was shortened by 38 d,and the germination rate of bacteria reached 100%,which was obviously better than the traditional way of tying the bag mouth.(3)The results showed that mixed wood chips,straw,corn straw,soybean straw,sesame straw,corn cob,bamboo chips,wood shavings and straw mixtures could be used as the cultivation substrate for the strain Dq-08.Its output is equivalent to 920 kg,2860 kg,2900kg,2380 kg,3247 kg,2987 kg,2073 kg and 3120 kg per mu.The experimental group with corn cob as cultivation medium had the earliest mushroom production and the shortest harvest duration.The hymenium yield of the experimental group cultivated with sesame straw was the highest.The experimental group cultured with straw and sawdust had the best commercial property.The mulch on the cultivated surface of strain Dq-08 can effectively adjust fruiting-body shape and improve merchantability.The use of rice straw and chaff as mulch could increase the yield and shorten fruiting time,and straw mulch group had the best fruiting effect.(4)The sowing time test of strain Dq-08 showed that the yield was the highest in late October.Combined with the market price and supply and demand relationship of S.rugosoannulata in,sowing and cultivation in late September,concentrating on producing mushrooms before the Spring Festival,can achieve greater economic benefits. |
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