Analysis On The Influence Of Spatial Distribution Of Cultivated Land On Total Factor Productivity In Northeast China

Cultivated land is the most basic element of food production.The current contradiction between the expansion of food demand and the insufficient regional distribution of food production is prominent.It is of great significance to seek a more reasonable pattern of cultivated land utilization to achieve the improvement of total factor productivity of food.Based on the remote sensing monitoring data of land use/land cover change(LUCC),this paper uses GIS software to extract the relevant data of cultivated land use pattern in 2000,2005,2010 and 2015,and uses the Data envelopment analysis model to estimate the total factor productivity of grain in the three northeastern provinces and cities in 2000,2005,2010 and 2015.Based on the analysis of cultivated land use pattern change and the measurement of total factor productivity of grain,the panel data model was constructed from the perspective of cultivated land use pattern change to quantitatively analyze its impact on total factor productivity of grain.The results indicate that:Firstly,the three provinces in Northeast China are rich in arable land resources,and the changes in arable land use patterns are significantly limited by water sources,mainly distributed in the Sanjiang Plain,Songnen Plain,and Liaohe Plain.The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of changes in arable land use patterns in the three provinces in Northeast China is significant.The overall characteristics of changes in the number of cultivated land are an increase in the total amount of cultivated land and a decrease in the rate of increase in cultivated land.The spatiotemporal heterogeneity is reflected in a decrease in the south and an increase in the north,and the center of gravity of newly added cultivated land gradually shifts northward.In the past decade,the conversion between cultivated land and other land use types has become more active.With the acceleration of construction land expansion,it has spread to the northeast centered around provincial capital cities,showing a trend of construction land encroaching on cultivated land.At the same time,the reclamation of forest and grassland is weakened,and the reclamation of unused land is enhanced.The effect of returning farmland to moisture,grassland,and forest is obvious.From a temporal perspective,the changes in the landscape of cultivated land are relatively small,while there are significant differences in space.The fragmentation of patches in plain areas is relatively small,but there are significant fluctuations.The fragmentation of patches in mountain areas is relatively large,and cultivated land patches have a clear aggregation trend near the watershed.The average total factor productivity of grain in the three northeastern provinces in 2000,2005,2010,and 2015 was 0.81,0.78,0.82,and 0.83,respectively,with overall small fluctuations between 0.5 and 0.9.The proportion of cities with grain total factor productivity higher than 0.7 is relatively high,and the proportion of cities with grain total factor productivity above 0.7 continues to increase.However,there is still room for improvement in overall grain total factor productivity.This indicates that by improving external factors such as input scale of factors and improving grain policies,the grain total factor productivity of the three northeastern provinces can be effectively improved.There are significant spatiotemporal differences in the total factor productivity of grain in various cities of the three northeastern provinces,with their spatial distribution ranging from relatively uniform at the beginning to local agglomeration.The natural conditions of agricultural production are good,and the total factor productivity of grain in cities is higher.The total factor productivity of grain in Liaoning Province is clustered towards low values,while the total factor productivity of grain in the Songnen Plain area is clustered towards high values.Thirdly,the changes in farmland utilization patterns in the three northeastern provinces have a significant impact on total factor productivity of grain.Among them,the rate of farmland transfer and the fragmentation of farmland patches are negatively correlated with total factor productivity of grain.The proportion of farmland area,the rate of farmland transfer,and the aggregation degree of farmland patches are positively correlated with total factor productivity of grain.The multiple cropping index of farmland has a positive impact on total factor productivity of grain,but the impact is not significant.Fourthly,increasing the ownership of arable land in the region,transferring forest land and unused land to arable land,and aggregating arable land near river branches to achieve large-scale management can help improve total factor productivity of grain.The embedded occupation of cultivated land by construction land leads to an increase in the degree of fragmentation of cultivated land.Construction land and unused land are supplemented as cultivated land,reducing the quality of cultivated land and to some extent offsetting the promoting effect of increased production factor inputs on total factor productivity of grain.