The Impact And The Economic Threshold Of Electronic Fence On The Crop Damage Control Wild Boar

As the number of the wild boar(Sus scrofa)have been increasing,so has the number of the human-wild boar conflict in recent years.More and more control measures are being applied in practice to reduce the conflicts between humans and wild boar.Electronic fencing can be used to generate periodic high voltage pulses from a pulse generator,so that when the animal comes into contact with the fence line it receives a brief high voltage blow,thus preventing the animal from entering the controlled area.This study distinguishes the electronic fences deployed by the intensity of the single pulse and the number of fence coils.Different models of high voltage pulse generators have different maximum output energies of single pulse currents and different maximum transmission distances,the higher the maximum output energy of a single pulse current,the greater the maximum transmission distance.The conductive metal wire that is fixed by insulators to the piles and posts to enclose the prevention and control area is called the fence wire of the electronic fence.The number of coils of fence is defined as the number of loops of fence wire around the containment area,secured to the post by insulators.The single pulse intensity is defined as the maximum output energy that can be achieved by a single pulse current transformed by a high-voltage pulse generator.A study on the effectiveness of prevention and control of wild boars endangering farmland and economic thresholds using electronic fences was conducted in the Hunchun area of Jilin Province from August 2019 to October 2021.In this study,the prevention and control validity period and crop loss rate were used as the primary basis for measuring the effectiveness of the electronic fence,with the prevention and control validity period defined as the time from the start of the experiment to the first entry of wild boars into the sample field.The crop loss rate was defined as the percentage of crop area affected by wild boars in the total area of the sample field from the beginning of the experiment to harvest.The results were as the following:(1)There were no significant differences(P>0.05)in the length of the effective period of wild boar damage control,the number of wild boars entering the sample plots and the crop loss rate in the sample plots with the same number of coils in the electronic fence and pulse intensities of 0.3J,1J and 2J respectively.Therefore,the effect of the pulse intensity of the electronic fence on the prevention and control effect of wild boars endangering farmland was not significant.(2)The electronic fence with three fences had the best effect on the prevention and control of wild boars endangering farmland,with the effective period of prevention and control being(29.22±1.39)d,the number of wild boars entering the sample plot being(0.67±1.00),and the crop loss rate being(4.28±8.24)%;the electronic fence with two fences had the second best effect on the prevention and control of wild boars endangering farmland,with the effective period of prevention and control being(27.25±3.31)d,and the number of wild boars entering the sample plot being(0.67±1.00),and the crop loss rate being(4.28±8.24)%.The number of wild boars entering the sample plot was(0.96±1.33)and the crop loss rate was(7.98±14.34)%;the electronic fence with one fence line was the least effective in preventing and controlling wild boars endangering farmland,with the effective period of prevention and control being(23.00±2.33)d,the number of wild boars entering the sample plot was(2.33±1.53)and the crop loss rate was(19.33±8.14)%.(3)The regression equation between the loss rate of maize and the number of wild boars entering the sample plot was Y=0.049+0.001X+0.021X~2,where Y represents the loss rate of maize and X represents the number of wild boars entering the sample plot.(4)The economic threshold for the control of wild boars by electronic fencing with three fence lines was(1.37±0.62)head/hm~2.the economic threshold for the control of wild boars by electronic fencing with two fence lines was(1.69±1.54)head/hm~2.the economic threshold for the control of wild boars by electronic fencing with three fence lines was(2.52±1.27)head/hm~2.(5)The cost per unit area of the electronic fence with three fence lines(RMB 1108)is not significantly different from that of the electronic fence with two fence lines(RMB 1012)and the electronic fence with three fence lines(RMB 916),but the economic loss per unit area of the electronic fence with three fence lines(RMB 1660.39±1063.49)is obviously lower than that of the electronic fence with two fence lines(2041.93±1850.78 yuan)and the electronic fence with one fence line(3410.81±1550.58 yuan).Therefore,it is recommended that the electronic fence with three fences should be installed directly.And the electronic fence of the single maximum pulse energy on the effect of prevention and control is not significant,in order to reduce the cost of prevention and control considerations,the purchase of electronic fence pulse generator,should be in the host minimum transmission distance is greater than the total length of the fence premise,choose the closest one.