| From June2010to October2011, there were surveys about the population and the harm of wild boar, damage subsidy investigation, and the experiment of controlling wild boar harm in Qingyun forest in Shangzhi, Heilongjiang Province and Jingxing town in Hunchun, Jilin Province.The methods to investigate the harm of wild boar are visit surveys, questionnaire surveys and field surveys; the measure to investigate population of wild board is the relative-number survey. After analysis of the results of the survey, the main conclusions are as follows:On the basis of the survey in December2010, density of wild boar in Qingyun is0.0124916±0.00374/h m2and the population is146±44.The main crop types that wild boar damage is corn, squash and pumpkin. Wild boar damage took place almost from early summer to late autumn (June to October). Every day wild boar comes to the field to eat crop almost when evening and night.Will the harm of wild boar happen or not and the degree of harmare closely reated to geographical environment that where the crop is, the geographical locations of farmland which wild boar harm are mostly the woodside that near the forest edge, and at least have one side face to the mountain. But the harm occasionally happened to the crops that near the road or residential areas. In the survey, farmlands which affected by wild boar, the distance away from forest edge was less than20m, and from the water was less than50m.Most of the local people in Qingyun (84.09%) implemented measures whose effectiveness lasted from3to7days, and the measures were all non-lethal. Controlling methods used for wild boar in Qingyun forest were disruptors, plastic fence, care studio, noise driving, scent driving, combustion and wire fence. Half of the local people in Qingyun(52.27%) implemented disruptors, but there were also a considerable part of people(15.91%) who do not take any measures.In2011, the number of damage of corn by wild were428in Hunchun City, and total farmland of this damage was216.03ha. The number of damage of corn by wild were428in Jingxin Town, and total farmland of this damage was26.05ha. Only six residents in Jingxin implemented measures.We conducted field experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of various measures intended to deter wild boar from damaging crops. Measures included placement of tiger faeces at the perimeter of crop areas, playing of recorded tiger vocalizations, placement of life-sized photos of tiger faces at crop perimeters, and placement of life-sized models of Siberian tigers at crop perimeters. We defined an index for the effectiveness of these measures as the interval between the first entry of boar to a given field (the date when the preventive measure was installed) and the next entry of boar to the same field. The mean number of effective days when using faeces, image models and vocalizations of Siberian tiger were3.00±0.58days.1.33±0.33days and5.25±0.63days, respectively. The mean number of effective days was not significantly different between faeces and image models of the tiger and the traditional prevention measures implemented by the most of the local residents (P>0.05). While the mean effective days showed significant difference between sounds of tiger and plastic fence (P=0.029) and disruptors (P=0.029) implemented by the forest residents. This might be explained in part by the fact that the native Siberian tiger disappeared many years earlier from Qingyun forest farm, Heilongjiang.Using sounds, faeces and image models of Siberian tigers were effective in Jingxin. This might be explained in part by the fact that there were native Siberian tiger in Jingxin town. |
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