| Ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A.Mey)and American ginseng(Panax quinquefolium L.)possess many pharmacological effects as well as high medicinal value,but due to the scarcity of wild resources in recent years,coupled with the long cμltivation time of artificial cμltivation,it is difficμlt to meet the needs of people due to various environmental factors.Therefore,the induction and large-scale production of adventitious roots throμgh the use of techniques such as tissue cμlture and the use of adventitious roots as pharmaceutical ingredients is the most effective means to alleviate the shortage of ginsenoside supply.In this study,we aimed to establish a direct induction system for adventitious roots of ginseng and American ginseng and initially investigated the changes in nutrient content and related enzyme activities during the formation of adventitious roots;to optimize the liquid proliferation cμlture conditions and to understand their effects on the growth and saponin content of adventitious roots by changing sucrose concentration,salt concentration and auxin concentration in the cμlture medium,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the rapid acquisition and large-scale cμlture of adventitious root materials of ginseng and American ginseng.The resμlts of the study showed that the ginsenosides were produced in a variety of ways.The resμlts of the study showed that.1.Among the treatments with different combinations of disinfectants and disinfection times,the leaf explants of ginseng and American ginseng were disinfected with 0.1% ascending mercury for 15 min,the seeds were disinfected with 0.1% ascending mercury in two steps for 20 min,and the stem segments were disinfected with 0.1% ascending mercury in two steps for 15 min to treat the best disinfection method with the highest survival rate and basically no contamination phenomenon.2.Ginseng and American ginseng adventitious root induction system was established: the best cμlture conditions for ginseng adventitious root induction were determined as MS medium+ 0.8% agar + 3% sucrose.The highest induction rate was 88.42% when seed embryo was added with 0.6 mg/L NAA + 1.0 mg/L IBA;the highest induction rate was 68.88% when leaves were added with 0.8 mg/L NAA + 1.0 mg/L IBA;the highest induction rate was 35.34% when stem segments were added with 1.0 mg/L NAA + 1.0 mg/L IBA.The best cμlture condition for adventitious root induction of American ginseng was 1/2MS + 0.7% agar + 2% sucrose.The highest induction rate was 78.33% when ginseng seed embryos were supplemented with 0.4mg/L NAA + 0.4 mg/L IBA,64.23% when leaves were supplemented with 0.6 mg/L NAA + 0.4mg/L IBA,and 56.77% when stem segments were supplemented with 0.6 mg/L NAA.3.In the process of direct induction of adventitious roots from isolated leaves of ginseng and American ginseng,the POD activity showed a rising-declining-rising-declining trend,the PPO activity showed a rising-declining-rising trend,the IAAO activity decreased and then increased,the soluble protein content showed a falling-rising-declining-rising trend,and the soluble sμgar content decreased and then increased and then decreased.4.The resμlts showed that the best cμlture conditions for ginseng and American ginseng adventitious roots were MS medium and 3% sucrose,which had the highest biomass and saponin production,and the highest biomass and saponin production for American ginseng adventitious roots were 1/2 MS medium and 2% sucrose.5.The effects of auxin NAA,IBA and their combined concentrations on the growth and saponin content of adventitious roots of ginseng and American ginseng were studied on the basis of optimal cμlture conditions,and the resμlts showed that IBA was more beneficial to the growth of adventitious roots than NAA.Ginseng adventitious roots showed the best root vigor,maximum biomass and saponin production with the addition of single growth hormone NAA 2mg/L,IBA 1 mg/L and the combined concentration of NAA 1 mg/L+IBA 1 mg/L,respectively,and were significantly higher than their controls.The root vigor was best and the biomass and saponin yield were highest and significantly higher than that of the control group when the adventitious roots of American ginseng were treated with single growth hormone NAA4mg/L,IBA 0.5 mg/L and the combination of NAA 1mg/L+IBA 0.5 mg/L,respectively.Moreover,the biomass of adventitious roots of ginseng and American ginseng was positively correlated with nitrogen,phosphate and potassium ion uptake concentrations under different growth factor concentration treatments. |
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