| The rain-harvesting planting of ridge and furrow can effectively alleviate the water shortage of dryland crops in semi-arid areas and improve the level of crop production.Can this planting mode be applied to the Guanzhong irrigation area to solve the problem of seasonal water shortage in the annual production of crops in this area on the basis of effective collection and utilization of natural precipitation and conservation of irrigation water resources?The jury is still out.In this planting mode,the response mechanism of soil moisture,crop growth and development and yield formation to different ridge cover materials in winter wheat-summer maize replanting farmland is also unclear.In view of the above problems,in2019-2021,field experiments were carried out at the experimental station of Northwest A&F University in Yangling,Shaanxi province,taking winter wheat and summer maize as the research objects,and setting up four treatments: traditional flat cropping(CK),ridge cover ordinary mulch film(M),ridge cover liquid mulch film(Y)and soil ridge(T).To study the effects of different ridge covering materials for rain-harvesting planting on soil moisture and annual crop yield of winter wheat-summer maize replanting mode,aiming to provide a basis for the further optimization,application and and the choice of ridge covering materials of this technology.The results of the experimental study are as follows:(1)In the annual production of winter wheat-summer maize,rain-harvesting planting can significantly improve the soil moisture conditions of farmland and reduce crop water consumption compared with traditional flat cropping.The soil water content of the 0-100 cm soil layer of the rain-harvesting planting of ridge and furrow treatment increased by 1.03%-9.95% compared with CK;the average soil storage water storage of the 0-200 cm soil layer of the rain-harvesting planting of ridge and furrow treatment increased by 6.79%-75.45%compared with CK;the total water consumption of the rain-harvesting planting of ridge and furrow treatment was significantly reduced by 0.52%-8.81% compared with CK(p<0.05).(2)The rain-harvesting planting treatment of different ridge covering materials can promote the growth and development of densely planted crops,but show certain differences in rare crops.In the winter wheat season,the plant height,leaf area index,SPAD and dry matter accumulation of winter wheat were increased by the rain-harvesting planting treatment of each ridge and furrow compared with CK;in the summer maize season,only the M treatment increased the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area index,SPAD and dry matter accumulation of summer maize compared with CK,while the Y and T treatments were not as good as CK.In the annual production of winter wheat-summer maize,the dry matter accumulation of the M treatment increased by 1.83% compared with the CK,and the Y and T treatments decreased by 18.20% and 12.22% compared with the CK(p<0.05).(3)The effects of different ridge mulching materials on the constituent factors of winter wheat and summer maize yields varied greatly.In the winter wheat season,the number of panicle grains with M treatment was significantly increased by 4.15% compared with CK(p<0.05),and the number of panicles and 1,000 grains weight was significantly reduced by4.62% and 0.74% compared with CK(p<0.05).The panicle count and 1000 grain weight of the Y treatment increased significantly by 9.30% and 3.49% compared with CK(p<0.05),respectively,and the number of panicle grains was not significantly different from CK.The number of panicles and grains in the T treatment increased by 1.23% and 1.16% compared with CK,and the 1000 grain weight decreased significantly by 1.37% compared with CK(p<0.05).In the summer maize season,the number of panicle grains and the weight of 100 grains in the M treatment increased significantly by 2.89% and 3.37% compared with CK(p<0.05).The number of panicle grains and the weight of 100 grains in the Y treatment were significantly reduced by 22.70% and 18.95% compared with CK(p<0.05).The number of panicle grains and the weight of 100 grains in the T treatment were significantly reduced by17.80% and 25.69% compared with CK(p<0.05).(4)In the annual production of winter wheat-summer maize,the grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE)of each treatment were arranged in M>CK>Y>T arrangement.Grain yield and WUE from the M treatment increased significantly by 4.13% and 9.14% compared with CK(p<0.05).Grain yield and WUE from the Y treatment decreased significantly by 16.25%and 0.65% compared with CK(p<0.05).The grain yield and WUE of the T treatment decreased by 22.99% and 18.73% compared with CK(p<0.05).In summary,in the Guanzhong irrigation area,the rain-harvesting planting mode of ridge covering ordinary mulch film has a positive effect on promoting the annual production of winter wheat-summer maize replanting and saving costs and increasing efficiency,especially it has relative advantage of increasing economic yield. |
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