Effects Of Ridge And Furrow Harvesting With Supplemental Irrigation System On Annual Soil Moisture And Crop Yield In Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Cropping

The objective of the study was to explore the effects of different ridge and furrow harvesting systems in winter wheat-summer maize cropping on annual yield,plant growth and farmland water use efficiency.Aiming at the production characteristics of the winter wheat-summer maize anniversary in the Guanzhong,the ridge and furrow harvesting with supplemental irrigation system?RFHSI?was applied to the annual crop production to provide the basis for the improvement of the winter wheat-summer corn annual production system.Maize hybrid Zhengdan 958 and wheat Xinong 979 was used as experimental material.Four treatments(traditional flat cropping:CK,ridge furrow ratio were40cm:40cm:R-F₄₀,40cm:60cm:R-F₆₀,40 cm:80 cm:R-F₈₀)were conducted to systematic research of the effects of ridge and furrow harvesting with supplemental irrigation system?RFHSI?on annual soil moisture and crop yield in winter wheat-summer maize cropping.The main obtained results of this research are as follows:1. RFHSI practices improved soil moisture conditions in farmland significantly,which compared with CK.From sowing winter wheat to summer maize harvest,the soil water storage in the 0?200 cm soil layer in each growth period of the winter wheat-summer maize anniversary showed:R-F₄₀>R-F₆₀>R-F₈₀>CK.Among them,the treatment about R-F₄₀ and R-F₆₀ had significant differences in winter wheat?joining stage and filling stage?and summer maize?spinning stage?when water demand was high.In addition,in the winter wheat summer maize annual multiple cropping system,the soil water storage of R-F₄₀and R-F₆₀ was always significantly higher than that of CK treatment.2. RFHSI practices improved the population structure of crops,increased the LAI and SPAD values of winter wheat and summer maize,effectively delayed the senescence and extended the function of functional leaves.Besides,the LAI and SPAD values of R-F₆₀were the highest among all treatments.RFHSI did not always increase the dry matter accumulation in winter wheat.With the reduction of planting area,the dry matter accumulation in the mature stage of each rainwater treatment decreased by 4.26%to16.76%compared with CK treatment,of which only R-F₈₀ the difference did not reach a significant level,which was only 4.26%lower than CK treatment.Among them,the dry matter accumulation per unit area of R-F₆₀ treatment was the largest among all treatments at 37.96 t·hm^-2,an increase of 5.32%compared with CK treatment.3. Compared with CK treatment,RFHSI could increase the number of grains per ear of winter wheat and summer corn,the increase rates were 0.65%?11.96%and 6.06%?9.63%,respectively.In addition,the 1000-grain and 100-grain quality were significantly improved by 0.63%to 3.44%and 5.21%to 5.61%.The yield of wheat in each treatment of RFHSI increased with the increase of the width of the planting ditch.Among them,the R-F60 and R-F80 treatments only reduced 1.75%and 1.67%of the yield compared with CK.However,in the summer maize season,the yield of each treatment of RFHSI increased significantly,and it increased first and then decreased as the planting ditch became wider.In terms of anniversary,RFHSI increased the annual winter wheat-summer maize annual grain yield by 1.40%to 7.98%,and made the annual net income of the crops increase by an average of 12848?15728 yuan and 4687?7979 yuan compared with single-season wheat and single-season maize.Among them,the net income of R-F₆₀ treatment was the highest among all treatments,which increased 1648 yuan·hm^-2 compared with CK treatment.4. Consistent with the trend of wheat yield in each treatment,the water use efficiency?WUE?of R-F₆₀ and R-F₈₀ treatments in wheat season was significantly increased by 8.07%and 9.66%compared with CK treatment.The irrigation water use efficiency?IUE?of R-F₄₀,R-F₆₀ and R-F₈₀ in RFHSI significantly increased,and the increase rate decreased with the increase of the width of the planting ditch,which were 72.13%,63.79%and 47.48%,respectively.In the summer maize season,RFHSI significantly increased WUE,and it increased first and then decreased with the widening of the furrow,and reached the maximum in the R-F₆₀ treatment.In general,RFHSI significantly increased the annual WUE and IUE of winter wheat-summer maize and which the ditch configuration was 40cm:60 cm(R-F₆₀)treatment got the largest increase,which was 12.75%and 79.97%higher than that of CK treatment,respectively.In summary,RFHSI practice is a feasible way to regulate crops'efficient water conservation.The RFHSI practice can efficiently use land and irrigation resources annually,reduce ineffective evaporation of farmland water,and efficiently use precipitation and irrigation.The R-F₆₀ treatment saves 40%of irrigation water,and the annual crop yield,WUE and IUE in multiple cropping are 7.98%,12.76%,and 79.97%higher than CK,respectively.Taking into account annual crop yields and farmland water use efficiency,R-F₆₀ treatment is an ideal RFHSI model for optimizing the winter wheat-summer maize multiple system in this region to stabilize production and save water.