| China is the largest country of livestock manure and garden waste in the world.Most of the garden waste has not been reasonably utilized,Garden waste is rich in organic matter and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content,but also contains some harmful substances,the technical needs and treatment methods are imminent,but also the ecological environment has more and more high requirements for rational resource utilization of garden waste.Composting technology with low cost and controllable process is an important technology for garden waste treatment.In this study,garden waste from Pingluo Breeding Farm of Ningxia Jinrun Ecological Construction Co,Ltd.was used as the experimental material,and four different ratios of chicken manure were set,namely,10%decomposed chicken manure was added to T1,20%decomposed chicken manure was added to T2,30%decomposed chicken manure was added to T3,and 40%decomposed chicken manure was added to T4.and then the cabbage seed germination test was used to determine the growth indexes of cabbage seedlings,so as to determine the fermentation maturity of compost.The test results are summarized as follows:(1)Temperature as a key factor to determine the degree of composting fermentation plays a major role in promoting the fermentation of garden waste and chicken manure.The high temperatures of T1,T2,T3 and T4 at 50℃ lasted 12,15,16 and 14 days,respectively,and the highest temperatures of T1,T2,T3 and T4 during composting fermentation were 55.5 ℃,61℃,63℃ and 62.5℃,respectively.The ranges of pH and EC values at the end of composting fermentation were 7.15-8.12 and 4.13-4.90,respectively,which were in line with the national composting maturity standard and had no toxic effect on crop growth.In summary,T3 treatment had the longest high temperature duration at 50℃,reaching 69℃,which was higher than other treatments.(2)Nutrient content plays a key role in composting efficiency,and appropriate organic matter content can meet the demand of aerobic composting,which is beneficial to improve the activity of microorganisms in the heap and the reproduction of high temperature decomposition microorganisms.when it is too high,the demand for oxygen is large,and the lack of oxygen supply causes odor.The contents of organic matter in T1,T2,T3 and T4 treatments during fermentation were 33.45%,35.26%,39.78%and 37.51%,respectively.Humic acid can improve the fertilizer efficiency of compost and improve soil physical properties.The content of humic acid in T1,T2,T3 and T4 treatments during fermentation was 16.24%,17.91%,16.33%and 17.23%.The total nitrogen content of T1,T2,T3,T4 were 1.42%,1.46%,1.31%,1.29%,the total phosphorus content were 1.42%,1.48%,1.55%,1.28%,the total potassium content were 2.61%,2.58%,2.47%,2.398%.The total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium content of T3 was not the highest,but the nutrient accumulation rate was the highest.The main reason is that the content of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in the early green waste and chicken manure is relatively low.In the same fermentation time,although the accumulation of nutrients is more,the final nutrient content is not the highest.(3)From the shape of the heap,loose and porous,good ventilation.Each treatment has a moist soil odor.Among them,the heap T3 color changes faster and deeper.The color change and odor change of T1 and T2 treatments were not obvious during the whole composting process.The ammonia emission of T3 treatment was very obvious in the early and high temperature period of composting,and there was no ammonia emission in the later period.After fermentation,the C/N ratios of all composting treatments were 13%-18%,while the E4/E6 ratios of T1,T2,T3 and T4 treatments were 2.54,2.46,3.20 and 2.78,respectively.Among them,the T3 treatment was the lowest,and the total nutrient content of T3 treatment was also high,which was the most suitable for production and promotion.PCA analysis of the maturity degree of compost with different ratios of organic fertilizer and landscaping waste showed that the maturity degree was T3>T1>T2>T4,indicating that the compost maturity and degradation were most favorable when the ratio of chicken manure and landscaping waste was 30%.(4)According to the germination potential and germination rate of cabbage seedlings under different composting conditions,it can be concluded that the growth potential of cabbage seedlings is more obvious when the proportion of chicken manure is 30%when the content of garden waste is constant.Through comprehensive analysis,it is concluded that plant height and germination rate are higher than other treatments under H3 treatment.The growth indexes of cabbage seedlings treated with H1,H2,H3 and H4 had more obvious advantages than those of the control group(H0)(P<0.05).Therefore,in the production practice,the ratio of chicken manure and garden greening waste materials under H3 treatment could be used for composting to provide ideal fertilizer source for vegetable and crop cultivation. |
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