Effects Of Biochar Based Fertilizers On Soil Properties And Maize Growth In Arid Regions

In order to explore the effect of biomass char-based fertilizer on soil plough layer quality and maize growth in arid areas,with ’Xianyu 335’ as the test material,a single-factor randomized block experimental design was adopted,and the following five treatments were set:CK,application of ordinary chemical fertilizer(N 225 kg·hm-2,P2O5 120 kg·hm-2,K2O 90 kg·hm-2),T1,T2,T3,T4 were applied with biomass carbon base fertilizer 1087.5 kg·hm-2,960 kg·hm-2,respectively 870 kg·hm-2,750 kg·hm-2,to study the effects of biochar-based fertilizer on the physicochemical properties,soil enzyme activities,soil microorganisms,growth physiology and yield of topsoil soils(0-40 cm)in arid regions.The results of the study are as follows:1.Biochar basal fertilizer mainly affects the physical properties of soil in 0-20 cm topsoil,among which,compared with CK,the bulk density is significantly reduced by 9.3%-16.8%(P<0.05).The total soil porosity increased by 0.9%,7.7%,2.2%,and 13.6%,respectively(P<0.05),and the saturated soil water contents of CK,T1,T2,and T3 were 19.1%,36.9%,5.1%,and 23.4%higher than those of T4,respectively,the field water holding capacity was T1>T3>CK>T2>T4,the soil water content of T1 and T2 treatments was the highest alternately in each growth period of maize.2 The contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic carbon in the soil all increased first and then decreased with the decrease of the amount of biochar base fertilizer,and the T2 treatment was the best,and increased first with the advancement of the corn growth period subsequent decreasing trend.The pH content of topsoil in each treatment was significantly lower than that of CK.The soil total nitrogen content was the highest in the tasseling stage,and the total nitrogen content of T2 was 7.6%,15.3%,13%,and 43%higher than that of CK,T1,T3,and T4,respectively.The application of biomass char-based fertilizer can increase the content of total phosphorus in soil,but when the application rate is too low,it will reduce the content of total phosphorus.The content of available phosphorus in the 0-20 cm soil layer of T2 treatment was higher than that of CK,and reached the maximum value in the silking period.At this time,the content of available phosphorus in T2 was significantly increased by 14.9%-24.8%compared with other treatments.Excessive application of biomass char-based fertilizer will significantly reduce the available potassium content.During the whole growth period of maize,the organic carbon content of the 0-20 cm soil layer treated with biomass charcoal fertilizer was significantly higher than that of CK,and reached the maximum value during grain filling.At this time,the organic carbon content was significantly increased by 21.0%29.6%compared with CK(P<0.05).3.Biochar-based fertilizer had a great influence on the activities of soil catalase,urease,sucrose invertase,and alkaline phosphatase.The soil enzyme activity increased first and then decreased with the decrease of the amount of biomass-charcoal-based fertilizer.The difference in T2 treatment was not significant but all were significantly higher than other treatments.Except for alkaline phosphatase,the soil enzyme activities in the 0-20 cm soil layer were higher than those in the 20-40 cm soil layer.4.When the amount of biomass char-based fertilizer is high,the diversity and richness of soil microorganisms will be inhibited.When the application amount is T3 and T4,the number and diversity of soil microorganisms will be promoted;There was a significant effect.The differences in the microbial community between the T1 and T4 treatments were small,and the differences in the microbial community between the CK and T2 treatments were large.5.The application of biomass char-based fertilizer can effectively increase the enzymatic activities of POD,SOD and CAT in corn,and reduce the content of MDA,but when the application amount is small,its activity will be inhibited.At the grain filling stage,the enzyme activities of POD and CAT were not significant in each treatment.The enzyme activity of SOD in T1 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments,and the content of MDA was significantly lower than that of other treatments.6.The plant height,stem diameter,leaf area index,SPAD value and root activity of maize increased first and then decreased with the increase of the amount of biomass char-based fertilizer.In most growth periods,T1 treatment was the best,and different treatments had an effect on maize yield.The expression was T1>T2>T3>T4>CK,and the yield of T1 treatment was the highest,which was 11.360 t/hm2.