| Due to abundant water and heat conditions,the tropical regions of China has become an important off-season cherry tomato production area.However,because of high temperature and frequent rainfall in this region,the soil leaching is strong.It can easily result in serious soil acidification,lack of organic matter and poor ability to preserve fertilizer,which ultimately leads to the poor quality of soil.In addition,straw waste was disposed and burned at will,as well as excessive application of chemical fertilizers,leading to serious environmental pollution,which greatly limits the sustainable development of local agriculture.Therefore,it has become an urgent problem to improve soil quality as well as the yield and quality of cherry tomato by combining the utilization of straw wastes.This experiment took tropical straw biochar as the starting point,setting two factors of biochar type and application amount,which were 0t/ha biochar(CK),10t/ha rice husk biochar(A10),20t/ha rice husk biochar(A20),40t/ha rice husk biochar(A40),60t/ha rice husk biochar(A60),10t/ha peanut husk biochar(B10),20t/ha peanut shell biochar(B20),40t/ha peanut shell biochar(B40)and 60t/ha peanut shell biochar(B60).They were used to explore the effects of biochar input on the soil characteristics and growth,yield,quality of cherry tomato in tropical regions.The aims of our study was that providing reference for the sustainable development of cherry tomato industry in tropical regions.The results showed that:1.The application of biochar can promote the growth and development of cherry tomato.The addition of biochar can improve the plant height,stem diameter,dry matter weight,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,SPAD,leaf number,nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of cherry tomato.Moreover,when the application rate of biochar was higher than 40t/ha,the plant height,leaf number,dry matter weight and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of cherry tomato were significantly increased.The SPAD value of leaves was significantly increased when the biochar application amount was 40t/ha.The stem diameter under A20 treatment was significantly higher than CK,in the early and middle periods of flowering and fruiting.The photosynthetic rate under A20 and B40 treatments were significantly higher than CK,A40,A60 and B60 treatments.2.Compared with CK,pH and organic matter content in 0-20 cm soil showed a gradual increase with the increase of the application amount of biochar,and B40,B60 treatments were significantly higher than CK.Biochar treatment could improve the contents of nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-20 cm soil layer.With the increase of the application amount of biochar,the content of available nutrients gradually increased and reached the maximum at 60t/ha,and the application amount of biochar was not less than 40t/ha,which had a significant difference with CK.However,with the advancement of cherry tomato growth process,the difference of soil nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content between biochar treatment and CK gradually decreased,but it was still higher than that under CK treatment at the end of growth period.However,there was no significant difference in the content of ammonium nitrogen under different treatments.From the perspective of soil enzyme activities,adding biochar could improve the urease activities,sucrase activities and catalase activities in the soil,and the activities also improved to a certain extent with the increase of biochar application amount.Among them,the activities of urease and sucrase at 40t/ha and 60t/ha of biochar during the fruiting period(66-138d)were significantly higher than those of CK.When the biochar was at 60t/ha,the activity of catalase was significantly increased.3.The yield of cherry tomato treated with biochar was significantly higher than that of CK,and showed an increasing trend with the increase of the application amount of biochar.Both 40t/ha and 60t/ha were significantly higher than that of 10t/ha and the control.A40,A60,B40 and B60 treatments increased the yield by 54.44%,58.33%,55% and 45.56%,respectively,compared with the control,but there was no significant difference among them.Biochar could significantly increase the soluble sugar content and vitamin C content,and reduce the nitrate content to a certain extent.However,the nitrate content was the highest at60t/ha.A20 and A40 treatments had the highest soluble sugar content,which were significantly higher than CK.The content of vitamin C in B40 treatment was the highest,which was significantly higher than other treatments.Moreover,the content of vitamin C in fruit treated with peanut shell biochar was significantly higher than that of rice husk biochar,while the content of soluble sugar in rice husk biochar was slightly higher than that of peanut shell biochar.From the perspective of N and P utilization efficiency,biochar input could significantly improve N and P utilization efficiency of cherry tomato,and 60t/ha was significantly higher than other treatments.N utilization efficiency of A60 treatment was126.92% higher than CK and 126.3% in B60 treatment.And P utilization efficiency of A60 treatment was 172.96% higher than CK and 137.65% in B60 treatment,respectively.But there was no significant difference between them.4.Correlation analysis showed that yield was significantly positively correlated with plant height,number of leaves,dry matter weight,pH,content of available phosphorus,urease activity,sucrase activity,catalase activity,volume of single fruit,number of fruit per plant,number of clusters per plant and number of fruit per cluster.There was a significant positive correlation between vitamin C content and photosynthetic rate and catalase activity,and a significant negative correlation between nitrate content and photosynthetic rate.5.In conclusion,the application of biochar could improve the physical and chemical properties of soil in tropical regions,improving soil enzyme activity,and further promote the growth and development of cherry tomato,and improve the yield and quality of cherry tomato.The application rate of 40t/ha biochar was more conducive to the increase of cherry tomato yield,and could be used as the best application rate of biochar for cherry tomato fields in this region.Moreover,peanut shell biochar was more beneficial to improve the content of vitamin C in cherry tomato fruit. |
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