Effect Of Biochar On Soil Characteristics,Yield And Quality Of Open-field Cherry Tomato

Open-field planting of cherry tomato in autumn and winter is very common in the tropical and subtropical region of China.In recent years,under the long-term cultivation of cherry tomato,the pH value,the fertilizer retention ability and quality of soil decreased,which results in the decline in the yield and quality of cherry tomato.Biochar can improve the pH value,the fertilizer retention ability and quality of soil and increase crop yield and quality.In this study,open-field planting of cherry tomato in Tianyang,Guangxi was used to effects of four different biochar applications(0,5,10,20 10 t/hm~2)on soil characteristics,growth and development,nutrient absorption and accumulation,yield and quality of cherry tomato.This study will provide theoretical reference for the application of biochar of open-field planting of cherry tomato in autumn and winter farmland and the optimization of high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques.The main results are as follows:1.Biochar treatment significantly increased the pH value,NO3--N content,and organic matter content at soil depth of 0-20 cm,but it isn’t always significant.Biochar treatment promotes the activity of neutral phosphatase and sucrase,has no obvious change in urease activity,inhibits the activity of catalase in the pre-growth stage,and promotes in the later growth stage.The soil organic matter increased gradually with the application rate of biochar at soil depth of 0-40 cm with trend of T20>T10>T5>CK.T10 treatment could significantly improve the content of ammonium NO3 N at soil depth of 0-20 cm.The activity of neutral phosphatase and sucrase in T5 and T10 treatments were mostly significantly higher than the CK.2.The plant height,stem diameter,the number of leaves,dry weight per plant and rachis length,leaf area and SPAD value of cherry leaves in different growth stages under biochar treatment were higher than the CK.T10(10 t/hm~2)and T20(20 t/hm~2)treatment significantly increased the leaf area,rachis length,SPAD values and dry weight per plant of cherry tomato.and T10 treatment significantly increased stem diameter of cherry tomato.The study also found that the effects of biochar on the N,P,K content of different organs of cherry tomato in different growth stages were different.However,biochar treatment promoted the accumulation of N,P,K in cherry tomato at different growth stages.The accumulation of nitrogen in T10 treatment was always significantly higher than the CK.The accumulation of phosphorus and potassium in T20 treatment was always significantly higher than the CK.The application of biochar increased the utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.The utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in T20 treatment increased significantly,increasing by 18.43,3.18 and 20.86%.3.The yield of cherry tomatoes under biochar treatment increased by 6.23%-27.11%compared with the CK,respectively,because of the increasing in fruit number per plant,fruit number per ear and fruit weight.However,the number of single ear fruits,fruit weight and yield under high biochar application(T10,T20)was no significant difference.Application of biochar increased the content of lycopene,soluble protein,soluble solids,and reduced the content of nitrate and titratable acid.biochar treatment significantly increased the content of lycopene,soluble protein in cherry tomato fruit in comparison with CK with a trend of T10>T20>T5>CK.Wherein T10 and T20 treatment were significantly higher than the CK,there was no significantly difference between T5 and CK,and T10 treatment was significantly higher than other treatments.The results showed that T10 treatment could greatly improve the content of lycopene and soluble protein of cherry tomato.Compared with CK,T10 treatment could significantly increase the content of soluble solids,vitamin C and soluble sugar in cherry tomato fruit,but T5 and T10 treatments has no obvious overall difference.By subordination function method and principal component analysis showed that different biochar application rates have different effects on cherry tomato,and the comprehensive characters of cherry tomato was best under treatment.Therefore,10 t/hm~2 biochar was the best application rate in the high-yield and high-quality cultivation of cherry tomato in the tropical and subtropical region.