Effects Of Downward Intergenerational Support On Self-rated Health In Older Adults

Objective:From the perspective of family downward intergenerational support,this paper would like to analyze the impact of different types of downward intergenerational support on the self-rated health of the elderly,and structural equation model was used to verify the mediating effect of self-esteem in the downward intergenerational support on the self-rated health of the elderly.And reasonable opinions and suggestions were put forward,so as to provide reference for promoting healthy aging and active aging society.Method:The convenient sampling method was used to conduct on-site investigation and on-line investigation to carry out questionnaire survey on the elderly over 60 years old.The questionnaire includes personal basic information(age,gender,residence,way of living,marital status,monthly income,education background),downward intergenerational support scale,self-rated health scale for the elderly(SRHMS V1.0),self-esteem scale(SES).The scale of downward intergenerational support can obtain the scores of downward economic support,downward caring support and emotional support.The scale of self-rated health of the elderly includes three sub-scales:self-rated physical health,self-rated mental health and self-rated social health.It can obtain the total self-rated health(TSH),self-rated physical health(PSH),self-rated mental health(MSH)and self-rated social health(SSH)of the elderly.The scores of physical symptoms and organ function(PI),daily life function(P2),physical activity function(P3),positive emotion(M1),psychological symptoms and negative emotion(M2),cognitive function(M3),role activity and social adaptation(S1),social resources and social contact(S2),and social support(S3)were also evaluated.The self-esteem scale can get the scores of the elderly’s self-esteem level.Statistical analysis:(1)descriptive analysis was used to describe the basic situation,downward intergenerational support,self-test health and self-esteem of the sample population;(2)internal consistency test and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the reliability and validity of intergenerational support scale,self-test health scale for the elderly and self-esteem scale;(3)multiple regression analysis was used to analyze different categories whether there is a significant positive effect on the self-rated health of the elderly;(4)structural equation model was used to verify whether there is a significant positive effect on the self-rated health of the elderly,whether there is a significant positive effect on the self-esteem of the elderly,whether there is a significant positive effect on the self-rated health of the elderly.At the same time,it verifies whether the mediating effect of self-esteem in the downward intergeneration support on the self-rated health of the elderly is significant.Result:l.The scores of downward financial support was(2.79±1.30),downward care support was(2.92± 1.53),emotional support was(4.11±0.72),self-rated health(TSH)was(74.31±9.48),self-rated physical health(PSH)was(76.45±11.63),self-rated mental health(MSH)was(71.82±10.70),the scores of self-test social health(SSH)was(63.76±10,71),The scores of physical symptoms and organ function(P1)was(64.83±12.23),daily life function(P2)was(89.77±14.79),physical activity function(P3)was(79.38±19.79),positive emotion(M1)was(86.09±14.35),psychological symptoms and negative emotion(M2)was(64.58±14.76),cognitive function(M3)was(64.93±10.30),role activity and social adaptation(S1)was(78.23±14.30),social resource and social contact(S2)was(72.66±15.60),social support(S3)was(72.14±17.73).And the scores of daily life function(P2)was the highest,the scores of psychological symptoms and negative emotion(M2)was the lowest.The scores of self-esteem of the elderly was(27.14±3.04).2.There is a significant positive impact of downward financial support on self-rated health of the elderly(b=O.876,p=0.02);there is no significant positive impact of downward care support on self-rated health of the elderly(b=0.553,p=0.103);there is a significant positive impact of emotional support on the self-rated health of the elderly(b=4.026,p=0.000);different types of downward intergenerational support have different effects on the self-rated health of the elderly,and the effects on the self-rated health of the elderly are emotional support(b’=0.307),downward economic support(b’=0.12),downward care support(b’=0.085).3.There was a significant positive effect on the self-rated health of the elderly with the path coefficient of 0.31,p<0.01;there was a significant positive effect on the self-esteem of the elderly with the path coefficient of 0.49,p<0.01;there was a significant positive effect on the self-rated health with the path coefficient of 0.26,p<0.01.The total effect of intergenerational support on the self-rated health of the elderly is 0.437,and the indirect effect of intergenerational support on the self-rated health of the elderly through self-esteem is 0.127;the 95%confidence interval of the test of the intermediary effect on self-esteem is(0.045,0.230)and(0.039,0.220),excluding 0.Conclusion:1.There is a significant positive impact of downward economic support on the self-rated health of the elderly,There is no significant positive impact of downward care support on the self-rated health of the elderly,There is a significant positive impact of emotional support on the self-rated health of the elderly,indicating that the role of the elderly in the family has a positive effect on their own health;different types of downward intergenerational support There are differences in the influence of persistence on self-rated health of the elderly.Emotional support has the greatest effect on self-rated health of the elderly.2.Self-esteem plays a mediating role in the influence of intergenerational support on self-rated health of the elderly.To a certain extent,improving the level of self-esteem of the elderly can increase the positive impact of intergenerational support on the self-rated health of the elderly.3.Downward intergenerational support has a significant positive effect on the self-rated health of the elderly through direct and indirect dual paths.Downward intergenerational support can directly and positively affect the self-rated health status of the elderly,and also indirectly affect the improvement of the health status of the elderly through the intermediaryrole of self-esteem.It shows that the elderly can improve their self-esteem level by providing downward intergenerational support,and then improve their self-esteem health.