Study On Rare Induced Ginsenosides Of Panax Notoginseng Leaves And Biological Activity

Panax notoginseng（Burk.）F.H.Chen is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine,belonging to the Araliaceae species,and also an important authentic medicinal material in Yunnan Province.The dried root is the traditional medicinal part and often wastes other parts.For the resource by-product of notoginseng leaves,we have also have"Qiye shen’an Tablets"and other Chinese patent medicine,because notoginseng leaves also have similar effect with notoginseng root,such as sedative-hypnotic pharmacological effect,anti-inflammatory analgesia,lowering fat and anti-tumor effect.In 2016,Yunnan Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission officially approved the management of Panax notoginseng flowers and leaves as raw materials of common local characteristic food,and issued local food safety standards for Panax notoginseng flowers and leaves,and agreed that the leaves of Panax notoginseng can be developed and used as raw materials of common food.For the leaves of Panax notoginseng,its chemical composition is mainly20（S）-protopanaxadiolsaponin（PPD）type saponins and a small amount of flavonoids.The difference between Panax notoginseng roots is almost don’t have20（S）-protopanaxatriolsaponin（PPT）.Recently,a series of rare induced ginsenoside changed in side chain and lower natural content were reported,which are called rare induced ginsenoside.These side chain changes are mainly as following:C-25 or C-24 monooxidation,C-24 and C-25double oxidation,side chain linkage,rearrangement,and even carbon reduction.In this part,we summarized the new saponins found in ginsenoside and other plants of the ginseng genus.It shows that the main source of rare induced ginsenosides belongs to notoginseng.Besides the rare induced saponins found in the stems and leaves of notoginseng show more molecular and species diversity than those in the roots.These rare induced ginsenosides also have neuroprotective effects,tumor inhibition,anti-diabetes,anti-coagulation and other activities.On the chemical constituents of Panax notoginseng leaves,from the total saponins extract of Panax notoginseng leaves,through a variety of chromatographic purification and separation methods combining the use of HPLC and TLC,totally 31compounds of rare ginsenosides were purified,and chemical structures were determined by using MS,¹D-NMR,²D-NMR,IR,and UV spectroscopy techniques.The 4 new rare ginsenosides,named Notoginsenoside SL13-16（1*-4*）,The 27 known compounds are:Ginsenoside Rd（5）、Gypenoside IX（6）、Gypenoside ⅩⅦ（7）、Notoginsenoside Fe（8）、Quinquenoside L3（9）、NL-B1（10）、Notoginsenoside ST5（11）、NL-A1（12）、NL-A2（13）、Notoginsenoside E（14）、NL-H1（15）、NL-H2（16）、Ginsenoside Ⅰ（17）、Majoroside F1（18）、NL-G1（19）、NL-C1（20）、NL-C2（21）、Ginsenoside Ⅲ（22）、Ginsenoside Ⅱ（23）、Ginsenoside F₂（24）、Gypenoside ⅫⅠ（25）、20（S）-Ginsenoside Rg₃（26）、Majoroside F₄（27）、（3β,12β,24S）-12,20,24-trihydroxydammar-25-en-3-yl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside（28）、（3β,12β,24R）-12,20,24-trihydroxydammar-25-en-3-yl2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside（29）、Notoginsenoside Lx（30）、Notoginsenoside Ng₁（31）,These compounds are also of the oxidative form of the side chain,the main feature is that the double bond at position of the side chain C-24/C-25 has undergone oxidative addition,and the double bond has been oxidized to hydroxyl,even peroxide,the original double bond（C-24,25）migrates to the adjacent position（C-23 or C-24 position）.A variety of rare induced ginsenoside were isolated from Panax notoginseng leaves,speculation in notoginseng planting cultivation in yunnan region belongs to high altitude climate,strong sunshine strong ultraviolet catalytic energy transfer to produce singlet molecular oxygen free radicals（¹O₂）,and chlorophyll iron porphyrins and photosensitizer,speculated that the ground may in part by the strong ultraviolet radiation environmental factors,induce oxidative stress,make the main component of saponins double built by oxidation,side chain structure changes.These rare variants of ginsenosides also have special biological activities,mainly showing neuroprotective and anticoagulant effects.So the main compounds obtained were tested for their neuroprotective activity.In this paper the study of three rare deformation saponins in composition,not only enrich the molecular diversity of notoginseng saponin constituents,constantly find new compounds and their potential biological activity,and medicinal materials quality security,sustainable utilization of medicinal plant resources of panax notoginseng and economic development in western China also has the vital significance.