Study On The Differences In The Components And Pharmacological Activities Of Ginseng And Notoginseng Saponins (I

Objective:This study is aimed to study the differences in the types and content of saponins between Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng,and to compare their activities in inhibiting platelet aggregation and alleviating symptoms related to bone marrow suppression.Furthermore,this study is aimed to establish a quality evaluation method for Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng that is more in line with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:1.The differences in the kinds of saponins between Panax ginseng granules and Panax notoginseng were studied by UPLC-MS.2.The differences in the concentration of saponins between Panax ginseng granules and Panax notoginseng granules was studied by HPLC.3.The differences in anti-platelet aggregation activity between the extract of Panax ginseng granules and Panax notoginseng granules was studied by in vitro platelet aggregation experiment.4.The differences in protective effect on peripheral blood and liver,bone marrow tissue between the extract of Panax ginseng granules and Panax notoginseng granules was studied by establishing a mouse bone marrow suppression model.5.The underlying material basis and mechanism of action of the activity difference between Panax ginseng granules and Panax notoginseng granules were explained through network pharmacology and literature studies.Results:1.UPLC-MS results showed that there were differences in the types of ginsenosides contained in Panax ginseng granules and Panax notoginseng granules.Malonyl ginsenoside Ra1,malonyl ginsenoside Ra2,malonyl ginsenoside Ra3,malonyl ginsenoside Rb2,malonyl ginsenoside Rc,malonyl ginsenoside Re,ginsenoside Rai,ginsenoside Ra2,etc.are unique saponins in Panax ginseng granules;PPD-20-GLCGLCGYL-3-GLC,PPT-6-GLCGLC20-GLCGLC are unique saponins in Panax notoginseng granules.2.HPLC results showed that there were differences in the content of the main saponins between ginseng granules and Panax notoginseng granules.The content of Ginsenoside Rg1,Ginsenoside Re,Ginsenoside Rb1,Ginsenoside F1,Ginsenoside Rd and Ginsenoside Rg3 in Panax ginseng granules is 0.18%,0.21%,0.35%,0.12%,0.09%and 0.08%respectively.The content of Notoginseng R1,Ginsenoside Rg1,Ginsenoside Re,Notoginseng R2,Ginsenoside Rh1,Ginsenoside Rb1 and Ginsenoside Rd is 0.33%,1.66%,0.20%,0.07%,0.06%,1.39%and 0.23%respectively.The content of the main saponins in Panax notoginseng granules is significantly more than that of Panax ginseng granules.Moreover,the ratio of Ginsenotriol saponins to Ginsengdiol saponins in Panax notoginseng granules is about 3:2,the ratio of Ginsenotriol saponins to Ginsengdiol saponins in Panax ginseng granules is about 1:1,and the relative content of Ginsenotriol saponins in Panax notoginseng granules was higher than that in Panax ginseng granules.3.The extract of Panax notoginseng granules and Panax ginseng granules have certain activities to inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation.However,at the same concentration,the extract of Panax notoginseng granules has a stronger effect on reducing the maximum aggregation rate of platelets than the extract of Panax ginseng granules.It was explained that the antiplatelet aggregation activity of the extract of Panax notoginseng granules was better than the extract of Panax ginseng granules.4.Panax ginseng granules and Panax notoginseng granules can alleviate the symptoms of myelosuppression-related cytopenia and liver,bone marrow tissue’s damage caused by cyclophosphamide and 1-Acetyl-2-phenylhydrazine to a certain extent.However,at the same concentration,the extract of Panax ginseng granules has stronger effects on increasing the number of peripheral blood cells and protecting liver,bone marrow tissue’s damage than the extract of Panax granules.The results showed that Panax ginseng granules enhanced immune function activity was significantly better than Panax notoginseng granules.5.The results of network pharmacology experiments showed that the potential core components of Panax ginseng granules may be ginsenoside Rgi,ginsenoside F1,ginsenoside Rg3,and the potential core components in Panax notoginseng may be Notoginseng R1,Notoginseng R2 and Ginsenoside Rh1.The differences of the activity to alleviate myelosuppression-related symptoms may be related to the MAPK signaling pathway and the FoxO signaling pathway.The differences in platelet aggregation activity may be related to lipids and atherosclerotic pathways.Literature studies indicated that the relative content of Ginsengdiol saponins in Panax ginseng granules may be the reason why its activity of immune enhancement is better than Panax notoginseng granules and the relative content of Ginsengtiol saponins in Panax notoginseng granules may be the reason why its activity of inhibiting platelet aggregation is better than Panax ginseng granules.Conclusion:The differences between Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng may be caused by the different core components and the relative content of Ginsenotriol and Ginsengdiol saponins.The higher relative content of Ginsengdiol saponins in Panax ginseng may be the reason why its activity of immune enhancement is better than Panax notoginseng and the higher relative content of Ginsengtiol saponins in Panax notoginseng may be the reason why its activity of inhibiting platelet aggregation is better than Panax ginseng.It may be related to protein phosphorylation,MAPK signaling pathway,FoxO signaling pathway,lipid and atherosclerotic signaling pathway.The results of this project laid a foundation for further exploring the internal mechanism of the activity differences between Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng.