Chemical Analysis And Quality Evaluation Of Saffron Floral Bio-residues

The stigma of Crocus sativus L.（saffron）is a precious Chinese material medica.It was introduced to China from India through Tibet in the Tang Dynasty,and now it is currently cultivated in Shanghai,Zhejiang,Henan,Anhui Province,etc.The yield of saffron is very low,containing 7.4%（w/w）of the total weight of the flower.While the saffron floral bio-residues（SFB）,the rest 92.6%of the flower,is wasted in the field.SFB was found to possess flavonoids,polysaccharides,and other active ingredients,and showed antioxidation,antiinflammatory,hypolipidemic and hypotensive activities.Our previous studies also showed that SFB has anti hyperuricemia,hypolipidemia activities,which meant that SFB had the potential for further utilization.In this thesis,the preliminary chemical profile of SFB was studied by chemical reaction identification method,and the types of chemical components were initially speculated.Then,according to the characteristics of the samples,UPLC,GC-MS,VIS and other technologies were used to analyze the flavonoids,volatile constituents and polysaccharides in SFB samples.At the same time,quality estimation of SFB was carried out using the testing items recorded in China Pharmacopoeia,and the draft quality standard of SFB was accordingly established.The details were as follows:1.A review of related literature on flower medicinal materials.A systematic literature review on the chemical composition,pharmacodynamic activity and medicinal properties of 26 kinds of flower medicinal materials included in the China Pharmacopoeia was carried out,which provided a reference for the reserach of SFB in terms of chemical analysis,pharmacodynamic activity and property speculation.2.Preliminary speculation of the chemical composition of SFB.The chemical composition of SFB was pretested by chemical reaction method.Result showed that it was consisted of abundant flavonoids,volatile components,polysaccharides etc.Accordingly,further analysis was focused on flavonoids,volatile components and polysaccharides of SFB.3.Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the flavonoids in SFB sample based on various chromatographic techniques.The main flavonoids in SFB were flavonols,represented by kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside（KS）,and anthocyanins,represented by delphinin-3,5-di-O-glucoside（DG）.Firstly,the UPLC fingerprints of flavonoids in 12 batches of SFB were established.Four of the seven common peaks were identified as kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucoside,quercetin-3-O-sophoroside,KS,and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside.The similarity of fingerprints of SFB samples was above 0.983,indicating that the samples from different areas had good consistency.Subsequently,the quantitative method of KS and DG in SFB was established using UPLC methods,and the contents of KS and DG in 12 batches of samples were ranged from 44.21 to 58.73 mg·g^-1and from 2.11 to 6.37 mg·g^-1,respectively.In addition,the color of the sample was digitized using electronic eye technology,and the relationship between the content of flavonoids and the sample color was investigated,and a significant positive correlation between the color of the samples and the content of DG was found.4.GC-MS-based analysis of the volatile components in SFB.The volatile oil from SFB was analyzed by GC-MS,and 65 chemical components were inferred,most of which were esters,alkanes and aldehydes.The fingerprints of volatile oil in 11 batches of SFB were established.The similarities of 11batches of samples were all above 0.745,of which 7 batches were above 0.908,indicating that most of the samples had good consistency while a few samples were different.5.Study on the composition and biological activity of polysaccharides in SFB.On the one hand,a quantitative method for the determination of polysaccharides in SFB was established by VIS technology,and result showed that the polysaccharides contents of 10 batches of SFB were ranged from 32.96 to 40.72mg·g^-1.On the other hand,the extraction,separation,purification and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from SFB were determined.6.Establishment of the quality standard for SFB.A systematic research of 12 batched of SFB samples was carried out from the aspects of sample characteristics,identification,inspection,fingerprint,content determination,etc.,and a draft quality standard for SFB was accordingly established.