Prevalence And Spatial Distribution Of Screening Myopia Among Children And Adolescents In Jiangxi Province

Purpose:This study preliminarily evaluates the prevalence of screening myopia in children and adolescents in Jiangxi Province,and analyzes the spatial clustering of prevalence of screening myopia and its related factors by geographic information system and spatial analysis technology.We explore the influence of population distribution,natural environment,economic development level and other factors behind the regional distribution differences between different regions/counties,provide some suggestions and certain reference for the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents in Jiangxi Province.Methods:(1)With the support of Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,this study conducted a stratified cluster random sampling was conducted among children and adolescents in 100 districts/counties in Jiangxi Province,and based on the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.(2)After preliminary screening,Epidata3.1 was used to establish a database and input the results,and use R software to perform data cleaning,screening and sorting.(3)SPSS20.0 software was used for basic statistics,while theχ~2test was used to analyze and compare the screening myopia rates(SMR)between different groups.(4)In this study,100 districts/counties in Jiangxi Province are taken as the basic research units.Based on the administrative regionalization map of Jiangxi Province published by Jiangxi Provincial Bureau of Statistics,the Arc GIS10.5 software was used to make the data map of Jiangxi Province for research and analysis.(5)The influencing factors of 100 districts/counties in Jiangxi Province in 2019 were obtained from the official websites of Jiangxi Provincial Bureau of statistics,and the spatial distribution map of children and adolescents’myopia in Jiangxi Province in2019 was drawn by using the drawing function of Geoda1.18 software,combined with the myopia data of each district/county,so as to realize the visual analysis of children and adolescents’myopia in Jiangxi Province.(6)Using the spatial correlation analysis index,we analyzed the positive rate of screening myopia and its influencing factors in Jiangxi Province,and analyzed univariate and bivariate spatial distribution cluster,explored the profound significance of spatial geographical analysis in the study of myopia incidence rate.Results:(1)256,672 people were screened in this on-site myopia screening.After quality control,255,648 people were included in the data analysis,then the effective rate of screening was 99.60%.Among them,a total of 116,354 children and adolescents were identified as myopia,and the positive rate of screening myopia was about 45.51%.(2)The screening population in this study covers 5.12-29.05 years old,and the myopia rate of different age groups is different with statistically significant(P<0.05).The SMR is gradually increasing in the age 5-20 group.(3)This study screened a total of 137,826 men,of which 57,766 children and adolescents with myopia(41.91%of screened men).117,822 women were screened and 58,588 were myopia(49.73%).The positive rate of screening myopia in women was slightly higher than that in men,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(4)Among the population with myopia screening results in Jiangxi Province in 2019,the number of people with different degrees of myopia is different.The final result showed 73,666 with low myopia,36,081 with moderate myopia,and 6,607 with high myopia,which presented the number of people in the population was gradually decreasing as the degree of myopia deepens.(5)Among the 100 districts/counties in Jiangxi Province,the district/county with the lowest SMR in children and adolescents is Jinxian(22.91%),and the highest district/county is Donghu(59.67%).The highest SMR was 36.76%higher than the lowest,and the difference in the positive rate of children and adolescents in different districts/counties was statistically significant(P<0.05).(6)The results of the univariate global spatial correlation analysis show that the Moran’s I of SMR,annual average temperature(AAT),annual average sunshine time(AAST),annual average precipitation(AAP),population density(PD),per capita general public budget income(PCGPBI)and per capita disposable income of urban residents(PCDIUR)in Jiangxi Province in 2019 are all positive,and all have statistical significance(P<0.05).The Moran’s I coefficient of AAT was the highest(0.51),indicating that it had strong spatial correlation in geography;the Moran’s I coefficient of SMR was the lowest(0.11),indicating that it had weak spatial correlation in geography.(7)The bivariate global spatial correlation analysis results show that the AAT,AAP,PD,PCDIUR in each district/county have certain correlation with the SMR in spatial and geographical distribution.Among them,AAT and AAP have negative spatial correlation with the SMR,PD and PCDIUR have positive spatial correlation with the screening myopia rate.(8)The results of local spatial correlation analysis showed that the SMR in Donghu,Xihu,Qingyunpu,Qingshanhu,Xinjian and Ji’an presented obvious High-High clustering(P<0.01).Among the influencing factors related to natural environment,Zhanggong,Nankang,Anyuan,Huichang,Wan’an and Nancheng showed High-High clustering,and without obvious Low-Low clustering;among the influencing factors related to social economy,Donghu,Xihu,Qingyunpu,Xinjian,Qingshanhu and Nanchang showed High-High clustering,while Ganxian,Ningdu and Wannian presented Low-Low clustering.Conclusion:(1)The SMR of children and adolescents in Jiangxi Province in2019 is lower than that of Chinese myopia rate.(2)The SMR of female was higher than that of male.(3)The SMR of 5-20 age group increased with the increase of age.(4)There is a certain spatial correlation in the spatial distribution of SMR of children and adolescents in Jiangxi Province in 2019.(5)There is a certain spatial aggregation between the AAT,AAP,PD,PCDIUR and SMR.(6)The influence of different myopia factors on spatial geographic aggregation of SMR in different districts/counties is different.(7)Spatial correlation analysis,in the form of a map,visually displays the relationship between the incidence of myopia and its influencing factors from the perspective of geographical distribution.It makes the geographical distribution of myopia influencing factors clear at a glance,is conducive to intuitively understanding the distribution differences of the regions.This study has far-reaching significance for the epidemiological investigation of myopia.