Japan’s Participation In Global Public Health Governance Mechanism After The Second World War

As a non-traditional security issue,infectious diseases have become increasingly important and have gradually become an important part of global governance.Whether it is the three traditional infectious diseases,such as AIDS,Tuberculosis,and Malaria,or public health emergency(infectious disease),such as Ebola and COVID-19,all become an important part of global public health governance.According to statistics from the WHO Corona virus(COVID-19)Dashboard,in 2019,38 million people were infected with AIDS,10 million people were infected with tuberculosis,and 229 million were infected with malaria.Although the number of Ebola infections is much lower than the first three,the average fatality rate has reached 50%.The number of new crown pneumonia that swept the world at the end of 2019 had infected 130 million by April 8,2021,and the death toll reached2.87 million.The Japanese government attaches great importance to the prevention of infectious diseases.As early as 1897,the Infectious Disease Prevention Act was promulgated,which clarified the types of infectious diseases and corresponding prevention and control measures.In 1998,Japan promulgated the new Infectious Disease Prevention & Control Act and the Infectious Disease Prevention Act.After World War Ⅱ,Japan actively participated in global health governance activities.In1954,Japan joined the Colombo Plan to promote economic development in South Asia and Southeast Asia in the form of funds and technical assistance by receiving medical and health trainees from abroad.In 2012,Prime Minister Shinzo Abe made health diplomacy one of his diplomatic features.To provide policies for Japan’s participation in health governance,Abe formulated the International Health Diplomacy Strategy in 2013 and the Basic Policy for Peace and Health in 2015.The research question of this article is: The effect of Japan’s domestic health governance system on its international health governance behavior? How does Japan apply its public health emergency management system to international health governance? What exactly is the mechanism for Japan to participate in global public health governance? What are Japan’s contributions to global public health governance?Based on the research questions,the thesis found that the academic community mainly studies the application of Japanese public health emergency management system in Japan,but there are few studies about the application of Japanese public health emergency system management in global health governance.In addition,the focus of academic research also includes the economic and political purposes of Japan’s participation in global health governance,but there are few studies about the purposes of Japan’s participation in global public health governance.In order to further examine Japan’s global public health governance mechanism,this study chose the typical cases such as Japan’s participation in the governance of AIDS,tuberculosis,and malaria in the last century,and Japan’s response to Ebola and new crown pneumonia in this century,and found that Japan is the government and Domestic NGOs participate in global public health governance through the participation model of “the Four-ministries initiatives-decision-execution”.Its specific implementation is to participate in global public health governance through reimbursable assistance(yen loan),technical assistance and non reimbursable assistance with organizations such as the World Health Organization,the Global Fund,and the Tokyo International Conference on African Development.This study believes that,firstly,Japan’s participation in global public health governance has improved local medical and health conditions and increased the chances of local people’s access to medical assistance.Secondly,the establishment of local medical institutions and medical device companies by Japanese companies has not only promoted local employment and stimulated local economic growth but promoted the development of Japan’s overseas trade.Thirdly,Japan has won praise and recognition from a large number of countries in the process of participating in global public health governance,which has not only created a good international image of Japan,but also enhanced Japan’s national status.By studying the mechanism of Japan’s participation in global public health governance after World War Ⅱ,it can also have enlightenment and reference value for other countries or regions to participate in global public health governance.