Variation Of Oral And Gut Microbiota In Cirrhotic Patients With Esophagogastric Varices And Therapeutic Endoscopy Effect

Comparison of oral and gut microbiota between healthy and cirrhotic patients with esophagogastric varicesObjectives: By 16 S rRNA gene sequencing technique,the differences of oral and gut microbiota in healthy population and patients with esophagogastric varices of cirrhosis were analyzed,and the relationship between oral microbiota and gut microbiota was explored.Methods: Collection of Hebei Engineering university affiliated Hospital and Handan Infectious diseases Hospital 15 healthy volunteers and 17 cirrhotic patients with esophagogastric varices saliva specimens and feces specimens.DNA,of bacteria that extract saliva and feces.And then the 16 S rRNA gene library was prepared.Clustering the results of the OTU,Species analysis,composition analysis,variance analysis and diversity analysis.Results:(1)(1)The oral microbiota of the healthy group and the varicose group were analyzed at phylum level,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes had statistical difference(P< 0.05).At genus level,and there was a significant difference of the Veillonella(P < 0.05).(2)Gra Phl An graphs showed that the predominant bacteria of oral flora in the two groups were all Prevotella under Bacteroidetes.(3)The abundance of oral microbiota in healthy people was higher than that in the varicose group(P < 0.05),the diversity was better than that of the varicose group,but there was no significant difference(P> 0.05).(2)(1)It can be seen that the phylum level of gut microbiota are mainly composed of Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in the healthy group and the varicose group,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was different between the two groups(P< 0.05).At genus level,Bacteroides and Prevotella were predominant in the two groups,and the abundance of Veillonella,Granulicatella and Enterococcus in the group of varicose was higher than that in the group of healthy group(P< 0.05),the abundance of Streptococcus was higher in the healthy group(P< 0.05).(2)Gra Phl An graph the predominant flora in the intestinal tract of the patients with varicose group were Bacteroides in the Bacteroidetes and Prevotella under the Bacteroidetes in the healthy group.(3)The diversity of the flora in the healthy group was higher than that in the patients with varicose lesions,however,there was no significant difference between the two groups(P> 0.05).(3)(1)The results of NMDS map showed that the oral and gut microflora were divided into two groups by the coordinate axis.There were 73 species of oral and gut microflora in healthy group and varicose group in Venn Diagram,the species number of intestinal flora was more than that of oral microbiota.(2)Neisseria,Porphyromonas and so on,which often inhabit the oral cavity,were detected in the intestinal microflora of the patients with varicose,but rarely in the healthy group.Comparison of oral and gut microbiota before and after endoscopic treatment for cirrhotic patients with esophagogastric varicesObjectives: Changes of oral and gut microbiota in cirrhotic patients with esophagogastric varices before and after endoscopic therapy using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing.Methods: Feces and saliva samples were collected from 17 cirrhotic patients with esophagogastric varices prior to endoscopic treatment at the Hebei Engineering university affiliated Hospital and Handan Infectious diseases Hospital,saliva and fecel samples were collected from these patients after 3 and 7 days of endoscopic treatment.Bacterial DNA from saliva and feces was extracted,and then 16 S rRNA gene library was prepared.OTU clustering,species analysis,composition analysis,difference analysis and diversity analysis were performed on the sample results.Results:(1)(1)The OTU Cluster Petal map of saliva samples from the three groups showed that there were 417 species in the three groups.(2)Three groups of oral microflora typing analysis showed that they could be divided into three types.(3)In the three groups of oral flora at family level,Leptotrichiaceae,Micrococcaceae bacteria abundance in the three groups to compare before and after treatment in a rising trend,Pasteurellaceae and Carnobacteriaceae is gradually decline.At the genus level,Granulicatella and Megasphaera all showed a decreasing trend.(4)Gra Phlan map analysis showed that the highest abundance of oral microflora of the three groups was Prevotella from Bacteroidetes.(5)Alpha diversity of oral microbiota did not change significantly before and after endoscopic treatment.(6)According to the PLS-DA diagram analysis,there were some differences among the oral flora of the three groups.(2)(1)There were 415 species of gut microbiota in the three groups before and after endoscopic treatment.(2)There were three types of intestinal types,each of which included three groups of samples.(3)At the genus level,the relative abundance of Prevotella was significantly different among the three groups.Megasphaera,Fusobacterium,Dialister and Sartella showed a descending trend,while Blautia and Oscillospira showed an increasing trend before and after endoscopic treatment.(4)Gra Phl An map analysis showed that the species with the highest abundance in the three groups of intestinal flora was Prevotella from Bacteroidetes.(5)Three samples of intestinal flora Alpha diversity there was no significant difference before and after endoscopic treatment;(6)PLS-DA diagram showed that there were differences in the Beta diversity of intestinal flora among the three groups.Conclusion:(1)The relative abundance of oral microbiota in patients with esophagogastric varices in cirrhosis and healthy people was different at phylum level and genus level,and the abundance of oral microbiota in healthy people was higher than that in the varicose group.(2)The relative abundance of some bacteria in the gut microbiota of patients with esophagogastric varices with cirrhosis was different from that of healthy people,and the Alpha diversity of intestinal flora in patients with esophagogastric varices with cirrhosis showed a decreasing trend.(3)Oral and gut microbiota have the same species.Common oral parasitic bacteria are detected in the feces of patients with cirrhosis of the esophagogastric varices,but not in healthy people.Microbiota in the mouth of patients with esophagogastric varices in cirrhosis may migrate to the intestine.(4)Alpha diversity of oral and gut microbiota of cirrhosis patients with esophagogastric varices had no significant change before and after endoscopic treatment.After endoscopic treatment,the abundance of probiotics in intestinal flora tended to increase,while the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria decreased.To some extent,the changes of intestinal flora may predict the efficacy of endoscopic therapy.