Effects Of Intervention On Illness Perception And Quality Of Life In Thyroid Cancer Patients Based On Self-regulation Model

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the status quo of illness perception and quality of life in patients with thyroid cancer,the correlation between illness perception and quality of life in patients with thyroid cancer was explored,and the influencing factors of quality of life in patients with thyroid cancer were analyzed.Intervention measures was under the guidance of self-regulation model,and the intervention effect was analyzed,so as to provide reference for improving illness perception and quality of life in patients with thyroid cancer.Methods(1)From July 2019 to October 2019,convenience sampling method was used to conduct a survey on thyroid cancer patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the inpatient wards of the Department of general surgery in three tertiary public hospitals in Suzhou.The questionnaire included the general data of patients,Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire,European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core30,and Thyroid Cancer–Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire.The illness perception and quality of life of patients with thyroid cancer was investigated,and the quality of life with the normal reference values was compared.The correlation between illness perception and quality of life of patients with thyroid cancer was explored,and the influencing factors of quality of life of patients with thyroid cancer were analyzed.(2)From October 2020 to December 2020,patients with first-episode thyroid cancer who were treated in two wards of Department of general surgery in a tertiary hospital in Suzhou were selected.The two wards were randomly divided into the control group and the intervention group by coin flips,and the control group including 36 cases,the intervention group including 38 cases.Patients entering the control group received routine measures,while patients entering the intervention group received intervention measures based on the self-regulation model and the routine measures of the control group.Before the intervention,at discharge and 30 days after discharge,the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire,European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core30 were used to evaluate the intervention effect.(3)The database was established,and the data were input and checked by two people.IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 was used for statistical analysis.In the measurement data,the mean± standard deviation((?)±s)was used to describe the normal distribution data.Count data were described by frequency and composition ratio.According to the results of Pearson correlation analysis,one-way ANOVA,t test,approximate t test and Welch test,multiple stepwise regression was used to analyze the factors affecting quality of life.Comparison of measurement data between control group and intervention group adopts independent sample t test or approximate t test,and the comparison of counting data adopts chi-square test or rank sum test;Comparison of intervention effects at three time points using repeated measures analysis of variance.The test level was 0.05,and the bilateral test was adopted.P<0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.Result(1)Study surveyed 210 patients,and the total score of illness perception in thyroid cancer patients was(40.27±8.46),at a medium level.Patients believe that the three most important factors leading to the disease are emotion,diet and stress.The global quality of life score of thyroid cancer patients was(55.91±22.67).Among the five functional subscales,the lower scores were emotional function and social function,which were(73.02±20.45)and(74.60±21.02),respectively.Compared with the norm in China,the scores of each functional subscales and global quality of life of thyroid cancer patients in this study are lower than the norm,while the scores of symptom subscales and single items are higher than the norm.Among the Thyroid Cancer–Specific Quality of Life,the top three subscales were throat/mouth problems,sympathetic and psychological,which were(34.89±17.34),(31.75±20.45)and(30.56±21.15)respectively.(2)The illness perception of thyroid cancer patients was negatively correlated with the global quality of life(P<0.05).The factors affecting the global quality of life were age,gender,education,monthly income per capita,disease treatment methods,emotional,and felt chilly,tingling hands/feet,and sympathetic(P<0.05).(3)The repeated measures analysis of variance results of illness perception and global quality of life scores of patients in the two groups showed that there was no significant difference in illness perception and global quality of life scores between the intervention group and the control group before the intervention(P>0.05).After intervention,and 30 days after hospital discharge,the scores of illness perception in the intervention group were lower than the control group at two time points,and the global quality of life scores at two time points were higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The time effect is statistically significant(P<0.001).There were statistically significant differences in the grouping effect between the intervention group and the control group(P<0.05),that is,regardless of the time factor,there were statistically significant differences in illness perception and global quality of life scores between the two groups regardless of time factor(P<0.05).There was an interaction effects between time effect and group effect on illness perception and global quality of life scores in the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion(1)The illness perception of thyroid cancer patients was at a medium level,and the quality of life was lower than that of thyroid cancer survivors in Chinese communities.(2)Patients’ illness perception was positively correlated with disease-specific quality of life,and negatively correlated with global quality of life.Age,gender,education,income,illness perception,treatment and thyroid cancer specific symptoms such as felt chilly,tingling hands/feet,and sympathetic were independent influencing factors of quality of life in patients with thyroid cancer.(3)Nursing intervention based on self-regulation model effectively improved quality of life of thyroid cancer patients and made a better illness perception.