Evaluation Of The Quality And Anti-aging Effective Of Ganoderma Lucidum

Objective:The quality of Ganoderma lucidum medicinal materials is uneven and the basis of pharmacodynamic substances is not clear,which restricts its wider clinical application.This study intends to conduct a comparative study on the quality control of different cultivars of Ganoderma lucidum in the main producing areas in China,and evaluate the effect of the component dissolution and pharmacodynamics after using current ultra-fine pulverization technology.At the same time,integration of multi-omics technology,in-depth study of its material basis and mechanism on anti-aging,in order to provide scientific data support for the modern application and development of Ganoderma lucidum.Methods:1 Investigate the main producing areas of Ganoderma lucidum in the field,and collect fresh samples of Ganoderma lucidum as required,and dry them.According to the 2015 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China,water,ash,water-soluble extracts and alcohol-soluble extracts from Ganoderma lucidum samples from different producing areas.The polysaccharide,triterpene and sterol content were measured and evaluated for their quality.Ultrafine pulverization technique was used to superfinely pulverize the body of Ganoderma lucidum,and its water-soluble extract,alcohol-soluble extract,polysaccharide,triterpene and sterol content were measured to evaluate the effect of ultrafine pulverization on the dissolution of Ganoderma lucidum fruit body components.2 Rat subacute aging model was prepared by intraperitoneal(ip)injection of Dgalactos.Ganoderma lucidum water extraction,alcohol extraction,fatty acid and other parts were administered by gavage.And the learning and memory were tested by water maze test.Brain tissue sections were taken for pathological observation to screen the effective anti-aging parts of Ganoderma lucidum.3 The aging mouse model was prepared by feeding with high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose every other day for 60 days.Ganoderma lucidum alcohol extract was administered by gavage to detect pathological changes of brain,liver,heart,fat,kidney and other tissues,and IHC,IF,TUNEL and other techniques were used to detect changes in regulatory molecules such as inflammation and apoptosis;Detection of intestinal flora in colonic contents using 16 S r RNA technology,and changes in metabolites in feces by metabolomics techniques;Combined with bioinformatics techniques,explores the possible role of Ganoderma lucidum metabolites after intestinal microbial fermentation to delay host aging mechanism.4 APP/PS1 and SAMP8 mice were administered with Ganoderma lucidum alcohol extract by gavage,and the DNA methylation level of brain tissue was detected by whole genome DNA methylation detection and analysis technology.Then,BSP,IHC and other techniques were used to verify and analyze.DNA methylation-related regulation of changes in transfer genes and enzymes,using RNA-seq technology to detect brain m RNA changes in transcriptomes,combined with modern biological bioinformatics analysis,to explore the role of Ganoderma lucidum alcohol extracts in regulating DNA The mechanism of aging methylation delays the methylation of mouse brain tissue aging.5 The aging obese mouse model was prepared by feeding with high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose every other day for 60 days.The ethanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum fruit body,Ganoderma lucidum superfine powder and Ganoderma lucidum solid fermentation were administered by gavage respectively.After 35 days,the changes of intestinal flora in colon contents were detected by 16 S r RNA technique,and the antiaging effects of different processed products of Ganoderma lucidum were compared.Results:1 A total of 15 different cultivars of Ganoderma lucidum were collected from the main Ganoderma lucidum producing areas,and their water content,ash content,water-soluble extract content,alcohol-soluble extract content,polysaccharide content,triterpene and sterol content were all in compliance with the pharmacopoeia standards.After ultrafine pulverization of Ganoderma lucidum,the water-soluble extract,alcohol-soluble extract content,polysaccharide content,triterpene and sterol content were all improved.2.The water maze test was used to detect the memory ability of rats.The results showed that the ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum had the best effect on improving the memory of aging rats.Pathological observation showed that the ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum can significantly improve the damage of brain tissue of aging rats.3.Pathological observation of the brain found that ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum can reduce brain cell apoptosis,reduce the number of microglia/macrophages,and increase the number of brain neurons and nerve fibers,Nissl bodies,and astrocytes.In addition,the ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum reduces the number of fat cells,increases the number of spleen cells,reduces intestinal and liver tissue damage,reduces liver fibrosis,and reduces myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis.It was found that the ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum regulates the relative abundance of the flora such as Bacteroides,Proteobacteria and Absidia.It is also possible to adjust the content of metabolites such as α-hydroxybutyric acid,dextrose diacid,pyruvic acid,and γ-aminobutyric acid.The combination of intestinal flora and fecal metabolites yielded three genus closely related to metabolism.4 Transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression between the control and model groups in the brains of APP/PS1 mice and SAMP8 mice.IHC analysis showed that the ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum can up-regulate the expression of Histone H3,DNMT3 A and DNMT3 B in mouse brain tissue.Ganoderma lucidum alcohol extract can regulate the methylation level of AKT2 Island 1 and MAPK3.5 After detecting the relative abundance of aging-related target bacteria,it was found that Ganoderma lucidum ultrafine powder alcohol extract had the best anti-aging effect.Conclusion:The survey found that the quality of different cultivated products of Ganoderma lucidum in the main producing area is good,in line with the national pharmacopoeia standards.Ultrafine pulverization can significantly increase the dissolution of ingredients and enhance the anti-aging effect.Animal experiment screening results show that Ganoderma lucidum alcohol extract is the main active site of Ganoderma lucidum to delay aging,which mainly achieves the effect of delaying aging by improving intestinal flora structure,promoting metabolism and regulating DNA methylation level.Creativity:Combined multi-omics,based on the "intestinal microbes-intestinal-brain axis" regulation relationship,explore the pharmacological basis and mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum anti-aging.