| Objective:To analyze five times between 1995 and 2014 in Guangxi student physique and health investigation and study of the Han,Zhuang 7 to 18 years old students eyesight dynamic change situation,summing up its characteristics and laws,and relatively low vision students detection rate in the differences between ethnicity,gender,urban and rural areas,age group,discusses Han,Zhuang nationality in Guangxi with low vision focus.To discuss the key points of prevention and control of low visual acuity among Han and Zhuang students in Guangxi,and to provide reference for the development of myopia prevention and control measures and strategies for students.Methods:By using the method of literature query,the physical and health research reports of students in 1995,2000,2005,2010 and 2014 were collected,and the visual acuity statistics of Han and Zhuang nationality students aged from 7 to 18 in Guangxi were extracted.Using dynamic series of statistical description method,longitudinal analysis of different age,gender,urban and rural area,age group,Han and Zhuang students aged 7～18 years old in Guangxi,the detection rate of low vision,the severity of low vision and the change of average vision.Chi-square test was used to compare the differences among ethnic groups,gender,urban and rural areas and age groups.Results:1.From 1995 to 2014,a total of 89,469 students aged from 7 to 18 years of Han and Zhuang nationalities in Guangxi were investigated in 5 surveys on the constitution and health of students in Guangxi.Among which 27,391 were Han nationality and 7,349 were Zhuang nationality in 1995.In 2000,there were13,997 Han people and 4,764 Zhuang people.In 2005,there were 7,205 Han people and 4,806 Zhuang people.In 2010,there were 7,146 Han people and4,788 Zhuang people.In 2014,there were 6,923 of Han and 5,100 of Zhuang.The proportion of students of Han and Zhuang nationalities in gender and age group was about 1:1,and the sample was balanced and comparable.2.The overall detection rate of low visual acuity and the proportion of severe low visual acuity in Han and Zhuang students aged 7～18 increased with age and age(P<0.05).The growth rate of both indicators of the Zhuang nationality is slightly faster than that of the Han nationality,and both indicators have overtaken the Students of the Han nationality by 2014.From 1995 to 2014,the total detection rates of low visual acuity in the previous physical fitness studies of Han nationality students aged 7 to 18 in Guangxi were 33.95%,33.25%,43.76%,51.76% and 59.36% respectively,and the percentages of severe poor visual acuity were 47.37%,55.46%,45.48%,50.55% and 53.52%respectively.The overall detection rate of poor visual acuity was 34.92%,30.73%,43.59%,51.00% and 61.43%,respectively,and the proportion of severe poor visual acuity was 51.99%,45.15%,43.82%,57.49% and 59.18%.In 2000,2005 and 2015,the detection rate of poor eyesight of Zhuang students aged 7～18 years old was lower than that of Han but showed a catch-up increase.By 2014,the detection rate of poor eyesight of Zhuang students was slightly higher than that of Han students.There are differences in the severity of poor visual acuity among ethnic groups.In 2000,the degree of poor visual acuity among Han students aged 7～18 years was more serious than that among Zhuang students,in 1995,2010 and 2014,Zhuang students were more serious than Han students(P<0.05),and the proportion of severely poor visual acuity among All age groups of Zhuang students in 2014 was higher than that of Han students.From 1995 to 2014,the proportion of Han students aged from 7 to 12 years with severe low vision increased significantly(about 50%).Although the proportion of severe low vision increased significantly after puberty,the growth rate gradually slowed down thereafter.For Zhuang students,the larger the age group,the greater the proportion of severely impaired vision was,and the higher the growth rate was after puberty.3.There were significant gender differences in the overall detection rate and severity of low visual acuity among Han and Zhuang students aged 7～18years,but there was no significant gender difference in the overall detection rate of low visual acuity among students aged 7～9 years.There were gender differences in the overall detection rates of low visual acuity among students aged 7～18 of the two ethnic groups over the years,with female students significantly higher than male students(P<0.05).By age group comparison,there was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of low vision between male and female Han nationality students in 2000 and 2014,and between male and female Zhuang nationality students in 1995-2010(P>0.05).In general,the severity of poor vision was higher in girls than in boys.In 2010,there was no statistical difference in the proportion of the severity of poor vision in male and female students aged 7～18 of the Han nationality(P>0.05).In 1995,2000,2005 and 2014,the severity of poor vision in female students was more serious than that in male students(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in the degree of low vision between male and female Zhuang nationality in2000(P>0.05),and the degree of low vision in female nationality was more serious than that in male nationality in 1995,2005,2010 and 2014(P<0.05).4.Here was significant difference in the detection rate of low visual acuity between Han and Zhuang students aged 7～18 years,but there was no significant difference in the severity of poor visual acuity among Zhuang students.The detection rate of low vision of urban students of Han nationality in previous studies was higher than that of rural students(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between urban and rural students of Zhuang nationality in 2005 and 2014(P>0.05),and that of urban students of Zhuang nationality in other years was higher than that of rural students in other years(P<0.05).In 1995,2010 and 2014,the degree of poor vision of urban students aged 7-18 of the Han nationality was more serious than that of rural students(P<0.05),but there was no statistical difference in the degree of poor vision of urban and rural students aged 7～18 of the Zhuang nationality from 1995 to 2014(P>0.05).5.T he trend of younger age of Students of Han and Zhuang nationality is obvious,especially of Zhuang nationality.Based on the detection rate of low visual acuity at all ages in 1995,the detection rate of low visual acuity increased most rapidly in Han and Zhuang students aged from 7 to 12 years,and the rate of low visual acuity increased more rapidly than that of Han students.In the three surveys conducted from 2005 to 2014,the age groups with the largest increase in the rate of low vision were 9 years old(143.82%),9 years old(255.77%)and 9 years old(334.22%)of the Han nationality,and 8 years old(318.5%),8 years old(398.32%)and 8 years old(765.76%)of the Zhuang nationality.In the five surveys conducted from 1995 to 2014,the minimum age of the students with low visual acuity ≥50% of the Han students aged 7～18 was16 years old(62.54%),16 years old(64.47%),15 years old(59.50%),13 years old(49.66%),11 years old(57.51%),and the Zhuang students aged 15 years old(59.74%),16 years old(52.00%),14 years old(57.14%),13 years old(53.90%),and 11 years old(52.41%).In the five surveys conducted from 1995 to 2014,the detection rate of low vision among students aged 7 to 18 of the Han nationality increased sharply at the peak ages of 15,15,14,13 and 10 respectively,while that among the Zhuang nationality was 11,16,12,12 and 9respectively.6.With the increase of age,the average visual acuity of male and female students of Han and Zhuang showed a downward trend as a whole,and the decline was obvious after puberty.With the increase of years,the average age of sudden visual acuity decline and the minimum age with average visual acuity less than 5.0 in Han nationality and Zhuang nationality male and female students have been brought forward continuously.In 2005,2010 and 2014,the age of sudden vision decline of students was mainly 11 years old,10 years old and 9 years old.In 2005,2010 and 2014,the average eyesight of male students of Han nationality was below 5.0 at the age of 12,9 and 7 respectively.The Han girls were 11,7 and 7 years old respectively.Boys of Zhuang nationality are 13,10 and 7 years old respectively.Girls of Zhuang nationality are 11,8 and 7years old respectively.7.The process of emfacing has been shortened.According to the analysis of the changes in the age of poor vision,the detection rate of poor vision was lower in the 8 or 9 year-old age group of The Han nationality in 1995,2000 and2005 than in the 7 year-old group,and similar phenomenon was also found in the Zhuang students in 1995 and 2000.However,in 2010,no such phenomenon was found among Han and Zhuang students,suggesting that the emmetropization process is shortened and the students’ hyperopia reserve is reduced.Conclusion:From 1995 to 2014,the eyesight of Han and Zhuang nationality students aged from 7 to 18 years old in Guangxi province was worrying and showed a tendency of increasing detection rate,increasing age and deepening degree.Compared with Han nationality students,Zhuang nationality students had higher incidence,early onset and severe visual acuity.The "threshold" for prevention and control of low vision and myopia should be moved forward to the early childhood and preschool years,the hyperopia reserve of children should be increased,and key screening and early intervention should be carried out for primary and middle school students.And paying attention to the problem of severe low vision of high school students.In the future,policies and resource input should be given to ethnic minority areas and economically underdeveloped areas,constantly promoting fairness in children’s and adolescents’ health,and making the prevention and control of low vision and myopia more targeted. |
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