Preliminary Investigation Of Anti-obesity Material Basis And Gut Microbiota Mediated Mechanisms Of Ginseng

Obeject:We aimed to study the effects of polysaccharides and ginsenosides in ginseng on obesity and the associated gut microbiota dysbiosis,then revealed the anti-obesity material basis of ginseng as well as the gut microbiota mediated mechanisms.Methods:Chemical profiles of polysaccharides and monosaccharides were characterized by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS),high performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detector(HPLC-ELSD)and ultraviolet spectrophotometry(UV).Anti-obesity effects of polysaccharides and ginsenosides were examined by determining fat accumulation and systemic inflammation in high-fat diet(HFD)-fed obese mice.16s rRNA gene sequencing was used to determine gut microbiota composition,UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS was used to characterize SCFAs and the other endogenous metabolites.Then the results were integrated to explore the correlations between anti-obesity effects of polysaccharides/ginsenosides and gut microbiota.Results:that the results revealed both ginseng polysaccharides and ginsenosides could reduce body weight,abdominal fat weight and fat cell size in mice,improve impaired glucose tolerance,and lower serum LPS levels,exert high-fat diet induced obesity Ginseng polysaccharides and ginsenosides also promoted the growth of Parabacteroides spp.,restored the HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis Furthermore,ginseng polysaccharides specifically enriched the beneficial bacteria Enterococcus spp.Acinetobacter spp.,this could be due to the structural characterization of glycosyl groups in polysaccharides.Certain short-chain fatty acid contents in the model group was reduced,ginseng polysaccharides and ginsenosides significantly increased succinic acid and caproic acidConclusion:Ginseng polysaccharides and ginsenosides reduced body weight,improved intestinal flora and short-chain fatty acid metabolism,exerted anti-obesity activities.However,polysaccharides and monosaccharides differently regulated the gut microbiota due to their structural specificity in glycosyl groups.This study revealed the anti-obesity material basis of ginseng as well as the gut microbiota mediated mechanisms,which provides scientific basis for the application of ginseng in anti-obesity.