Investigation On Baitouweng And The Adulterants Of It’s Genus While Identify Them And Evaluate Their Quality

1 Objective（1）Due to the decrease of production of genuine producing area of Chuzhou and traditional main producing areas of Pulsatilla chinensis（Bunge）Regel,and Pulsatillae Radix from Dongbei donminate the market,we investigated the present situation of genuine producing area of Chuzhou and the wild resource of main producing areas.We also investigated the present situation of the resources of Pulsatilla of Dongbei including its surrounding areas and the present situation of Pulsatillae Radix adulterants.In order to clarify the resources and the medical situation of Pulsatillae Radix and Pulsatillae.（2）We analyzed the characters of Pulsatilla chinensis（Bunge）Regel and Pulsatillae the same general crude drags to identify the character difference,in order to provide the basis for identifing the medicinal material which pretends as Pulsatillae Radix.（3）We used the microscopical identification technique to study the medicinal organization structure of Pulsatillae Radix and Pulsatillae.We ascertained the characters and differences of Pulsatillae Radix and Pulsatillae to provide the basis of microscopical identification for distinguishing Pulsatillae Radix and Pulsatillae.（4）On the basis of investigating the medicnal organization structure of Pulsatillae Radix and Pulsatillae,we measured the content of saponins within the whole and the different position of Pulsatillae Radix and the adulterants.And next,we used saponins as the index component,provide the basis for evaluating the qualities of different species and provide the basis for using the different parts of the material reasonably.（5）We measured the the content of saponins in Chuzhou and other distribution areas to evaluate the qualities of Pulsatillae Radix.2.Method（1）On the basics of consulting materials and visiting related herbs dealers and herbalists and the other related personnel,we conducted a investigation into the status quo of Pulsatilla L.medicinal plants’resources in northeast China and other different habitats.（2）By the ways of macroscopical identification like observing and measuring and so on,ascertaining the characteristics of pulsatilla chinesis and its con-generic adulterants about the shape,size,nodal point’s existence,texture,section,smell and other related traits,comparing their differences in the characteristics of medicinal materials.（3）Selecting the pulsatilla chinesis and its con-generic adulterants’fresh herbs with the maximum diameter of about 1cm below the root bifurcation,exploring the structural characteristics of various species with the methods of paraffin section and microscopic observation to compare the differences among the different cultivars about microscopic features such as cracks,and the characters including the existence of cortex,the proportion of phloem,bast fibers and xylem ducts.（4）On the basis of character and microscopic identification in early stage,we determined those different species’content of pulsatilla chinesis saponins B₄,pulsatilla chinesis saponins A₃and pulsatilla chinesis saponin D in whole herb and the structure of different tissues,meanwhile,analyzing their content and the regularities of distribution in whole herb and the structure of different tissues with HPLC-ELSD.（5）Determining the content of pulsatilla chinesis saponins B₄,pulsatilla chinesis saponins A₃and pulsatilla chinesis saponins D in different habitats with HPLC-ELSD to analyze those differences among different producing areas.3.ResultWith the method of investigation of origin,we found out the cause of the phenomena that the production of geo-authentic crude drug pulsatilla chinesis in Chuzhou and traditional main producing areas are shrinking,besides,the northeast region pulsatilla chinesis dominates the market,which is mixed with a large number of homogenous base confounding products.By means of character and microscopic identification,we revealed the differences of the pulsatilla chinesis and its con-generic adulterants in the characteristics of tissue structure and medicinal materials,which can be considered as a gist to distinguish the pulsatilla chinesis and its con-generic adulterants.The characters and the determination about the composition of saponins showed that the quality of pulsatilla chinesis is better than its con-generic adulterants,what’s more,its quality in Chuzhou is the best and the most genuine.Therefore,we should develop the wild and cultivated resources of pulsatilla chinesis in chuzhou vigorously.（1）A survey of the status quo of the resources of medicinal plants of Pulsatilla shows that there are a large number of medicinal plants of Pulsatilla in the northeastern region and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia.Pulsatilla is distributed in Liaoning,Jilin,and Heilongjiang,and the more northward,the smaller the distribution amount is.The distribution of plants is greater;North Korea Pulsatilla is mainly distributed in Liaoning and Jilin.In each distribution area,the amount of wild resources is large;pulsatill dahurica（Fisch.）Spreng is mainly distributed in northern Jilin,Heilongjiang and eastern Inner Mongolia,from south to north,and its the amount of resources has gradually increased;Pulsatilla sibirica mainly distributes in Heilongjiang and eastern Inner Mongolia,and in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia,the amount of wild resources is relatively large;Pulsatilla patens var.multifida（Pritz.）S.H.Li is mainly distributed in northern Heilongjiang and eastern Inner Mongolia,and the amount of wild resources is relatively small;Mongolia Pulsatilla is mainly distributed in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia and has very little wild resources.The Pulsatillae purchased by the drug procurement stations in each distribution area is in fact the underground part of Pulsatilla spp.Which was excavated by the drug peasants.These Pulsatilla chinensis（Bunge）Regeland its siblings were eventually mixed into Pulsatilla and flowed into the market.A survey of the current situation of Pulsatilla’s resources in different origins shows that the resources of Pulsatilla in Quzhou,the real estate area,are gradually decreasing.Pulsatilla is scattered in this area and has a small population.Local excavation is rare and the market is still The Chinese medicine Pang Pang Weng is extremely rare.In addition to the northeast region,the status quo in other regions is basically the same;（2）Based on the samples collected from the origin survey,the traits of medicinal materials of Pulsatilla and five species of pseudo-genus were studied.The results showed that there were significant differences in medicinal properties between Pulsatilla and congeners,and the differences were mainly in the material texture,the presence of joints,and the bifurcation,cross-sectional characteristics and odor of root branches and roots.Among them,Pulsatilla sp.has characteristics of firm texture,less bifurcations of root branches and roots,less cross-sectional cracks,and keratin-like,bitter taste,etc.,which is in line with the characteristics of identification of high-quality Pulsatilla chinensis in the first off-book and herbal medicine market.（3）Studies on the tissue structure of five species of Pulsatilla and five generic species of Pulsatilla showed that they all had the microstructure of roots and rhizomes,of which Pulsatilla,Pulsatilla and Pulsatilla had obvious joints,and the joints were rooted.The structure of the stems was below the joints.The structure of the roots was below the joints.The joints of Pulsatilla chinensis,P.striata and P.mongolica in North Korea were inconspicuous,and the rhizomes were located above the bifurcation of herbs.The bifurcation below was the microstructure of the roots.Different breeds have differences in the presence or absence of cortex,the proportion of phloem,the characteristics of bast fibers,xylem duct bundles,and the number and shape of cracks in the structure.These differences can be used to identify the six varieties.（4）The determination of the contents of three saponins in whole root and different parts of Pulsatilla and its genus of 5 adulterants showed that the content of these three saponins in Pulsatilla chinensis was higher than that of other varieties,and the pharmacopoeia specified in the pharmacopoeia was Pulsatilla saponin.The content of B₄is much higher than other varieties.The distribution of three kinds of saponins in different parts of the plant was different.Pulsatilla saponin B₄and Pulsatilla saponin A₃was higher in rhizomes than in roots.Pulsatilla saponin D was higher in roots than rhizomes.（5）The content of 3 kinds of saponins in Pulsatilla chinensis from different origins was measured.The results showed that the content of Pulsatilla saponin B₄in all producing areas exceeded the standard of Pharmacopoeia（not less than 4.6%）,and the samples with higher saponins were mainly From the Chuzhou region.4 ConclusionThe survey of origin shows that there are 6 species of Pulsatilla in the northeastern region and eastern part of Inner Mongolia.They are often distributed widely in various regions.In addition to authentic Pulsatilla,other varieties are often excavated by pharmacies and used as Pulsatilla by local purchasing stations.Finally mixed into the market.Authentic Pulsatilla sporadicly distributed in the traditional producing areas,making it difficult for drugmakers to dig,and the market share of authentic Pulsatilla is gradually decreasing.The traits and microscopic studies have shown that Pulsatilla and its congeners have obvious differences in medicinal properties and tissue structure,and can be used as an important basis for identifying Pulsatillae on the market.The contents of Pulsatilla saponin B₄,Pulsatilla saponin A₃and Pulsatilla saponin D were significantly different in Pulsatilla and pseudo-pseudogenus.Among them,the content of three saponins in Pulsatilla acuminata was generally higher,and other species,except for Pulsatilla chinensis and Pulsatilla chinensis Outside the sample,the contents of the three saponins were extremely low.There are some differences in the content of different saponins in different parts of herbs.Among the origins of Pulsatilla chinensis,the highest content of the three kinds of saponins was mainly in the Quzhou area.The use of Pulsatilla chinensis as an authentic medicinal material in the Ming Dynasty as a scholastic esteemed is justified and justified.