Investigation Of Bovine Piroplasmosis Infection And Identification Of Vector Ticks In Xiaohaizi Reclamation Area

Object: Bovine piroplasmosis is a general term for blood protozoa caused by protozoa,which is transmitted by ticks.It mainly causes anemia and weight loss of the host.In severe cases,it can lead to the death of the host,causing great economic losses to the animal husbandry industry.As one of the three reclamation areas of the Third Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Xiaohaizi reclamation area is also deeply troubled by bovine piroplasmosis.In this study,molecular detection of bovine blood samples and ticks from different areas of Xiaohaizi reclamation area was carried out to determine the specific species of pyriformes and vector ticks in the reclamation area.Revealing the geographical distribution of the population of piroplasmosis and vector ticks in the reclamation area,and provide technical support and first-line information for the prevention and control of piroplasmosis.Methods:(1)A total of 568 bovine blood samples were collected from 9 sampling sites in Xiaohaizi reclamation area.PCR technology was used to amplify the specific target fragment of bovine piroplasmosis18 S r RNA,and phylogenetic tree was constructed to investigate the infection of bovine piroplasmosis in reclamation area.(2)A total of 524 ticks were collected from 7 sampling points in Xiaohaizi reclamation area,and through traditional morphological identification,combined with 18 S r RNA,16 S r RNA and COI genes for comprehensive analysis,to determine the specific species and distribution characteristics of ticks and piroplasmosis carried by vectors in reclamation area.Results:(1)Through PCR detection,it was found that the total infection rate of bovine piroplasmosis in Xiaohaizi reclamation area was 7.75%(44/568).In terms of breeds,Simmental cattle had the highest infection rate(12.73%),followed by Holstein cattle(3.7%).Piroplasmosis was not found in cattle and local cattle.In terms of age,the highest infection rate was found in 7 to 12 months(15.38%),followed by 0 months to 6months(9.38%),1 to 2 years(5%),and no piroplasmosis was found over 2 years of age.A total of 44 positive samples were found in bovine blood samples this time,of which 42 were Theileria annulata and 2 were T.orientalis.Babesia was not found.(2)According to traditional morphological identification,the collected 524 ticks can be classified into 2 genera and 5 species,namely Hyalomma anatoricum、H.asiaticum、Rhipicephalus turanicus、H.rufipes、R.sanguineus.The 18 S r RNA gene was used to detect piroplasmosis,and the infection rate of piroplasmosis was 13.17%(69/524).The vector ticks were identified as H.anatoricum and R.turanicus.And H.anatoricum carries T.annulata、B.occultans,and R.sanguineus carries T.ovis.When using 16 S r RNA and COI genes to further identify vector tick species,it was found that both genes can be used for identification of tick species,and 16 S r RNA is suitable for inter-genus identification,while COI gene is suitable for inter-species identification.Conclusions: The total infection rate of piroplasmosis in the cattle herd in Xiaohaizi reclamation area is7.75%.Simmental cattle and Holstein cattle are susceptible to disease,and most of them are within 2 years of age.T.annulata is the local dominant species.The infection rate of piroplasmosis in the collected ticks was 13.17%.The vector ticks were identified as H.anatoricum and R.turanicus.And H.anatoricum carries T.annulata 、 B.occultans,and R.sanguineus carries T.ovis.In addition,when conducting molecular identification of vector ticks,16 S r RNA is suitable for inter-genus identification,while COI gene is suitable for inter-species identification.