Epidemiological Investigation And Control Of Livestock Schistosomiasis In Yuanjiang City

Schistosomiasis is a serious zoonotic disease.The Chinese government attaches great importance to schistosomiasis prevention and control,and has invested a lot of manpower and material resources to eliminate schistosomiasis.Located in the hinterland of Dongting Lake,Yuanjiang City is one of the most severe schistosomiasis epidemic areas in China.After several generations of efforts,Yuanjiang City reached the schistosomiasis transmission control standard in 2014,and reached the schistosomiasis transmission blocking standard in 2019.In order to better grasp the epidemic dynamics of schistosomiasis,this article investigates the infection situation and comprehensive prevention and control measures of livestock schistosomiasis in Yuanjiang City in the past 10 years.The main content of the epidemiological survey: 1.General monitoring.From May to June every year,organize townships to carry out schistosomiasis fecal inspection on cattle and sheep in the local memory pen.The detection method is the direct incubation of miracidia;2.Spot monitoring.In autumn and autumn,organize schistosomiasis fecal inspection on cattle and sheep in the range of the longitudinal observation point of the Ministry of Agriculture of Nandashang.The detection method is the direct hatching method of the miracidia;3.Wild fecal survey,2015-2019,April and October every year,choose grazing There are 5 townships with more cattle and sheep.Each township chooses 2 outer lakes where there are more livestock.Each field takes about 30 fresh cow dung samples and focuses on the observation point for detection.;4 Oncomelania snail survey,from 2010 to2019,survey the oncomelania snails by sampling every spring,identify the oncomelania snails obtained,count the number of dead and live snails,dissect the live snails,and observe under the microscope Infection of live schistosomiasis.Survey results: From the perspective of time epidemic characteristics,the infection rate of livestock schistosomiasis in 2011-2019 has a significant downward trend with time,from3.33% in 2010 to 0% in 2016,and no positive livestock have been found since then.In the spring and autumn of each year,the infection rate of schistosomiasis in livestock in autumn is significantly higher than that in spring;from the perspective of spatial prevalence the infection rate of livestock in villages and towns closer to the Yuanjiang urban area and farther away from the embankment or outer lake is lower;from the population From the distribution point of view,the schistosomiasis infection rate of sheep is significantly lower than that of cattle.Whether it is yellow cattle or buffalo,the schistosomiasis infection rate of young livestock younger than 3 years old is significantly higher than that of 3 years old or older;from the survey of snails Yuanjiang The area of positive snails in the city decreased from 28hm2 in 2010 to 0hm2 in 2010.Since then,no positive snails were found.The area of snails in Yuanjiang City is mainly distributed outside the embankment up to44587.33hm2,and the area of snails outside the embankment has not decreased in the past10 years.The investigation of comprehensive prevention and control measures for schistosomiasis starts with the construction of livestock schistosomiasis control measures,control measures for livestock infection sources,crowd source control measures,snail control measures,and comprehensive management of Dongting Lake that may affect the prevention and control of schistosomiasis.The implementation of the measures has achieved good results,mainly reflected in: the infection rate of schistosomiasis continues to decline;the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis is at the lowest in history,and the source of livestock infection is effectively controlled;the living environment of the snail in the embankment has undergone a fundamental change;A good atmosphere for control;the comprehensive management project has achieved good prevention and control effects and good social benefits.At the same time,it was found that the control of schistosomiasis in Yuanjiang City still faces great challenges: the snail breeding environment is complex,and the external snails are difficult to eliminate;the source of animal infections still exists;the high-risk behaviors of the population cannot be eliminated,and there is a risk of infection;under the low prevalence of schistosomiasis,new control The model has not yet been established,and the techniques and strategies for eliminating schistosomiasis have yet to be studied;the prevention and control agencies and personnel are not connected.Conclusion: After long-term unremitting efforts and continuous advancement of various schistosomiasis prevention measures,the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in Yuanjiang City has achieved periodic results.The infection of human and domestic schistosomiasis is at the lowest level in history,but under the existing technical conditions,the snail environment will be long-term.Existing on a large area,the insect-protecting host cannot be eliminated or even the population will increase.The transmission route of schistosomiasis cannot be completely blocked.The task of eliminating the schistosomiasis is still arduous.The risk of schistosomiasis rebound is very high and will last for a long time.Therefore,we must have a clear understanding of the long-term and arduous nature of schistosomiasis prevention and control,and be prepared to continue to fight a protracted war.It is recommended to strengthen monitoring and precise prevention and control;continue to consolidate the elimination results of cattle and sheep;timely adjust the target of infection source control;adjust the snail control area;strengthen the legal system to promote schistosomiasis prevention and control;strengthen livestock schistosomiasis prevention teams and capacity building.